Finding Number 2023-088 Subject Heading (Financial) or AL no. and program name (Federal) ALN: 21.019 Federal Program name: Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERA) Planned Corrective Action Condition and Context: When reviewing SFY23 payroll administrative expenditures, we noted that Communities Fo...
Finding Number 2023-088 Subject Heading (Financial) or AL no. and program name (Federal) ALN: 21.019 Federal Program name: Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERA) Planned Corrective Action Condition and Context: When reviewing SFY23 payroll administrative expenditures, we noted that Communities Foundation of Oklahoma paid $2,372,400 in bonuses to 146 employees. Of these bonuses, 47 people received between $10,000 - $19,999, and 44 people received more than $20,000. We found the expenditures to be unallowable; we found no guidance that stated ERA administrative funds could be expended on bonuses. • Community Cares Partners (CCP) was established as a temporary, emergencyresponse initiative tasked with administering Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP) funds on behalf of the State of Oklahoma and multiple jurisdictions. Although initially conceived as a short-term project, CCP ultimately administered nearly $150 million in federal funds over multiple years in response to a historic public health and housing crisis. To meet U.S. Treasury mandates to rapidly disburse funds—or risk recapture—CCP had to scale quickly, adapt continuously, and deliver results under unprecedented pressure. The complexity of federal guidance, evolving compliance expectations, and intense audit scrutiny required a workforce that was agile, highly skilled, and capable of operating in a fast- paced, high-stakes environment. To achieve this, Communities Foundation of Oklahoma (CFO), as CCP’s fiscal sponsor, implemented an innovative staffing model in which all CCP team members—including leadership—were engaged as independent contractors. This model allowed for rapid onboarding and deployment of services without placing undue strain on CFO’s internal team or disrupting the core functions of other nonprofit and government agencies during the pandemic. However, because these contractors were not employees, they did not receive traditional benefits such as health insurance, paid time off, or retirement contributions. To support retention, motivation, and high performance in the absence of such benefits, CCP established a performance bonus structure, as outlined in its “Fee-for-Services Rendered” policy. Bonuses were based on merit and tied directly to both individual and team accomplishments. Performance Bonuses Were Structured, Purposeful, and Aligned with Program Goals Bonuses were awarded in recognition of critical achievements, such as the complete spend-down of ERA-1 funds before the federal deadline—a milestone that required sustained, coordinated effort well beyond routine contract deliverables. These incentives were calculated using a combination of objective factors, including: · Tenure with the organization (recognizing longterm commitment); Recommendation of the team director (based on direct performance observations); · Average weekly hours worked (accounting for parttime vs. full-time contributions); · Pay rate and level of responsibility (reflecting role complexity and expectations); · Performance indicators such as quality of work, accuracy, initiative, leadership, teamwork, positive attitude, and contributions to process improvements. Bonuses were not automatic or uniformly distributed. Rather, they were awarded based on documented performance and in alignment with the responsibilities and accomplishments of each contractor. The process involved director-level recommendations and required approvals from CCP’s Chief Operating Officer and the Executive Director of CFO, ensuring appropriate oversight and accountability. Allowability Under Federal Guidelines While the ERA guidance does not specifically address performance bonuses, U.S. Treasury FAQs instruct grantees to establish their own internal policies and procedures—consistent with the statutes—and to follow them consistently when specific guidance is not provided. CCP’s bonus practices followed this directive. Moreover, the incentive structure aligns with the principles in 2 CFR § 200.430(f), which permits incentive compensation when it is reasonable, tied to performance, and paid pursuant to a good-faith agreement established before services are rendered. These bonus payments were not arbitrary. They were essential tools for incentivizing high-quality performance, encouraging efficiency and innovation, and sustaining a capable team during a national emergency. Each bonus was grounded in documented policy, approved through established protocols, and tied to clearly defined. For 4 of 116, or 3.45% of claims tested, the contract was for an unreasonable rate and the invoices provided were not itemized and specific enough to determine if the time spent was for an allowable activity related to ERA 1 or ERA 2. • The contract rates for CCP’s executive leadership—specifically, Executive Director and Chief Operating Officer were reasonable and justified given the scope of responsibility, experience, and industry standards. Both leaders operated as full-time independent contractors (a structure applied to all team members at CCP), and neither received employee benefits such as health insurance or paid time off, which materially impacts total compensation calculations. CCP was a high-capacity public-private partnership program of CFO. CCP/CFO was responsible for administering over $440 million in Emergency Rental Assistance Program (ERAP) funds from the U.S. Department of the Treasury on behalf of the State of Oklahoma and multiple local jurisdictions. CCP executive leadership managed a team of more than 150 individuals and carried out complex, time- sensitive operations to deliver critical housing stability services during the COVID- 19 public health emergency. Industry benchmarks (e.g., Guidestar / Candid data, 990 analyses) show that for nonprofits with comparable annual budgets ($150M+), full-time executive compensation for experienced leaders often ranges from $175,000 to over $300,000 annually— excluding benefits. Both contractors brought more than 15 years of relevant leadership experience and operated within that reasonable range. Their rates reflected both the magnitude of the public responsibility and the demands of launching and managing a large-scale, federally funded program under emergency conditions. Regarding invoice specificity, the submitted invoices reflected agreed- upon deliverables and outcomes consistent with contract terms and allowable activities under federal guidance. While not time-stamped or broken down by hour, they were reviewed and approved based on performance milestones. Additional documentation is uploaded to further demonstrate the alignment of time spent with allowable ERAP administrative activities. Invoices submitted followed the contract terms, including hours rendered. A sample calendar page was provided and redacted for PII. § 200.338 Restrictions on public access to records. For 9 of 116, or 7.76% of claims tested, the payment was for more than the contracted rate. • PARTIALLY AGREE: overpayment of $37 • DISAGREE: see Bonus justification below. • 4.2.22 addendum with $29.60/hr rate • 4.2.22 addendum with $29.60/hr • 4.2.22 addendum with $36/hr rate • 4.2.22 addendum with $31.25/hr rate • 4.2.22 addendum with $29.60/hr rate • 4.2.22 addendum with $38/hr rate • 4.2.22 addendum with $28/hr rate Also see CCP Contractor Increases April, 2022 spreadsheet Attachments OneDrive_1_4-22-2025 OneDrive_3_4-22-2025- Contracts For 23 of 116, or 9.83% of claims tested, the subrecipient was unable to provide a contract for the period paid. • The Independent contractors each signed contracts in 2021 which laid out specific terms and conditions under which the independent contractors would provide their services and be compensated. Although some of these contracts expired, second contracts and/or addendums were signed by those same independent contractors in 2023. The independent contractors continued to work under the same terms and conditions and continued to be paid the same remuneration in the time period between the expiration of the original contracts and when the new contracts and/or addendums were created and signed. According to 15 O.S. Section 133, an implied contract is on where the existence and terms are not explicitly stated but are inferred from the conduct of the parties. Because the original contracts contained the specific terms regarding services and payment and because these independent contractors continued to operate under those same terms and receive payment even in the interim between signed contracts, this shows that an implied contract existed under Oklahoma law. The original contracts expired in 2021 which was at the height of the Covid- 19 crisis. The entities involved were addressing more urgent matters to assist the people of Oklahoma with the objectives of the program and did not have the bandwidth to draft and sign new agreements when responding to more urgent matters. Therefore, given the surrounding circumstances and the overall intent of the parties, it can be logically deduced that an implied contract existed in the interim periods between any expiration of an original contract and the second contract and/or addendum being signed. For 9 of 116, or 7.76% of claims tested, the contract was not signed by the Executive Director and was not valid. • We partially agree the contracts for three are not currently available with the Executive Director’s signature. • We disagree, fully executed contracts for two are available for review in the attachment OneDrive_3_4-22- 2025. For 22 of 115, or 19.13% of claims tested, the payroll cost was allowable; however, the expense was attributable to multiple jurisdictions and only 90.33% of the cost should have been charged to the State of Oklahoma, but the subrecipient was unable to support the allocation was completed and that 100% of the cost was not charged to the State. • See response to audit finding 2023-028 regarding the second Condition and Context. Oklahoma Office of Management and Enterprise Services (OMES) acknowledges the Oklahoma State Auditor and Inspector Office’s (SAI) findings that OMES did not implement the proper internal controls and oversight of the ERA Program during FY2023. However, OMES has taken steps to correct these findings and follow the recommendations set forth by SAI. Beginning with FY2025, OMES has taken the following measures: • Oversight and management of the ERA program has been transferred to the OMES Grant Management Office (OMES-GMO) which has staff with several years of grant experience. OMES-GMO has recently hired additional staff, and the two staff members dedicated to the management of the ERA program have 20+ years of combined federal grant specific experience. • To ensure that the subrecipient agreement includes all the required terms under the ERA Program and that the agreement does not expire, OMES-GMO and the Communities of Foundation of Oklahoma (CFO) have recently executed a Subrecipient Grant Agreement Amendment that details the responsibilities of OMES to monitor CFO and the duties and processes that CFO must follow in regard to ERA Program, including detailed cash management policies. See Attached – Grant Agreement Amendment. • OMES-GMO required the return of the remaining ERA2 Program funds from CFO to ensure proper oversight and review of ERA expenditures is performed. • OMES-GMO has a multi-level system of internal controls for grant management and oversight that includes routine monitoring, desk review, and site visits for all projects and associated project/administrative expenditures to ensure allowability, accuracy, and assist in the detection of fraud. For example, OMES-GMO’s process for disbursing funds to a subrecipient requires a written request from the subrecipient with supporting documentation, then OMES-GMO assigns a staff lead and secondary grant analyst to perform a primary and secondary review for compliance and to require additional supporting documentation if needed to approve the request. Once those reviews are completed and approved by the OMES-GMO staff, the Director of the OMES-GMO must approve the request before it is sent to the OMES Finance Division, who will then verify the calculated amount(s) before completing the disbursement to the subrecipient. These internal controls and policies have been implemented for the management and oversight of the ERA Program and provide a multilayer review that will prevent fraud and risk factors applicable to the ERA program. Additionally, the OMES-GMO staff assigned to the ERA program have the training and knowledge to ensure compliance with the Federal grant requirements. • Depending on the level of risk, OMES-GMO conducts monthly, bi-weekly or weekly meetings with each subrecipient to monitor the progress of projects and address any issues or changes that might impact the project. For the ERA Program, OMES-GMO conducts bi-weekly monitoring meetings with CFO and is currently reviewing documentation provided by CFO to ensure all current ERA projects are eligible under the ERA guidelines and that CFO is exercising the proper oversight over their subrecipients. OMES-GMO will continue with their current ERA monitoring steps and internal controls and will work with CFO to ensure ERA program funds are spent in accordance with ERA program guidelines and state and federal regulations. Anticipated Completion Date Ongoing throughout the life of the grant Responsible Contact Person Brandy Manek