Findings Citing § 200.317

Statement of Condition: During the review of low rent disbursements, it was noted there was no review of contractors to ensure they were not debarred from working on federal projects. Criteria: I. PROCURMENT: 2 CFR section 200.317 requires a PHA to ensure non-federal entities are not prohibited from contracting with parties that are suspended or debarred. Perspective Information: The Commission did not have effective internal controls over procurement, suspension and debarment for the federal program. Questioned Costs: Unknown. Effect: The Commission is not in compliance with the requirements as outlined in the Procurement, Suspension and Debarment section above. Cause: Lack of controls over grant requirements. Recommendation: The Commission should implement policies and procedures to ensure all federal compliances are followed pertaining to Procurement, Suspension and Debarment. Management’s Response: Management will implement policies and procedures to ensure the Commission is in compliance with all grant requirements pertaining to the Public Housing Capital Grant.

Identification of the Federal Program: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development: AL 14.267 – Continuum of Care Program Compliance Requirement: Procurement, Suspension and Debarment Type of Finding: Significant deficiency in internal controls over compliance. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303(a) of Title 2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Part 200, Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (Uniform Guidance) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and conditions of the federal award. The nonfederal entity’s documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in 2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327. 2 CFR 200 Appendix II requires certain provisions be included in contracts if criteria are met. As outlined in 2 CFR 180, recipients must not utilize any contractor which is suspended or debarred or is otherwise excluded from the central contractor registry. Statement of condition and cause The Organization’s procurement policy did not include all the required elements as outlined in the Uniform Guidance. Additionally, the Organization did not retain documentation to support the procedures performed to ensure compliance with suspension and debarment requirements. Effect Lack of complete procurement, suspension, and debarment policies and not retaining documentation to support compliance with suspension and debarment requirements could result in noncompliance with the Uniform Guidance. Questioned Costs N/A Repeat Finding No Recommendation We recommend that management develop a written procurement policy that conforms with the Uniform Guidance. In addition, we recommend that management implement procedures and control processes to retain documentation supporting compliance with major federal program compliance requirements regarding suspension and debarment. Management response See Corrective Action Plan

2026-004 Procurement Program Information Federal Organization U.S Department of Health and Human Services Assistance Listing Numbers 93.224 Health Center Program Cluster Award Numbers H80CS00513 Criteria [X] Compliance Finding [] Significant Deficiency [X] Material Weakness Title 2 CFR 200.318 requires that entities receiving federal awards must have and use their documented procurement policies and these policies must be consistent with state and local laws and regulations and the standards identified in §200.317 through 200.327. Condition The Organization did not follow its documented procurement policy. Cause Management did not follow its established procurement policy, and documentation was not maintained evidencing its compliance with the policy, such as obtaining competitive bids and documenting sole-source vendor justifications. Effect The Organization may overpay for goods and services due to selecting vendors without appropriate consideration of the competitive bids and cost analysis. Questioned Costs $39,478 Context In a sample of 40 invoices, we noted six with issues related to the procurement process. Organization did not follow their established procurement policy and did not retain appropriate documentation of competitive bids. Recommendation We recommend that the Organization maintain adequate documentation supporting reports submitted to awarding agencies and update its procurement policy to align with 2 CFR 200.320(c). Views of responsible officials and planned corrective action Management is in agreement with this finding and will take corrective action as outlined on page 34.

Internal Control over Compliance or Compliance Findings Criteria: Uniform Guidance §200.318 (General Procurement Standards) requires recipients and subrecipients to maintain and follow documented procurement procedures for transactions under a Federal award or subaward. These procedures must be consistent with applicable State, local, or tribal laws and regulations, as well as the standards set forth in 2 CFR §§200.317–200.327. Documentation must include, at a minimum, the rationale for the procurement method, contract type selection, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for contract pricing. In addition, recipients must ensure vendors are not suspended or debarred from participation in federal programs. Condition: Although the Organization followed procurement requirements in practice, including appropriate procurement methods, documentation of vendor selection, and verification that vendors were not suspended or debarred, it did not have formal, written procurement and suspension/debarment policies in place during the audit period. Cause: The Organization relied on established operating practices and staff knowledge to ensure compliance with federal procurement requirements. As a result, these practices were not formally documented in written policies aligned with 2 CFR Part 200. Effect: While no instances of noncompliance or questioned costs were identified, the absence of formal written policies increases the risk that procurement and suspension/debarment procedures may not be applied consistently in the future or adequately demonstrated during audits or monitoring reviews. Recommendation: We recommend that the Organization formally document its existing procurement and suspension/debarment practices in written policies that comply with 2 CFR Part 200. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding. The Organization notes that all federal procurement and suspension/debarment requirements were followed during the audit period and has formalized these practices in written policies for future federal awards.

Finding 2025-002 – Significant Deficiency Award No.: 21.027 Federal Grantor: U.S. Department of Treasury, Passed-through the County of Butte, Pass-through Grantor’s Number X25534. Compliance Requirement: Procurement, Suspension and Debarment. Condition: The Agency’s procurement policy does not adequately document procurement requirements under the Uniform Guidance or contract provisions under Appendix II to Part 200 of the Uniform Guidance. Criteria: Uniform Guidance, Section 200.318(a) indicates “the recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documenting procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward, including for acquisition of property or services. These documented procurement procedures must be consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327”. Required contracting provisions are documented in Appendix II to Part 200 – Contract Provisions for Non-federal Entity Contracts Under Federal Awards. Cause: The Agency’s procurement policy needs to be updated to document the requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Effect: The Agency’s procurement policy does not comply with the requirements of the Uniform Guidance, which could result in procurements that do not comply with the Uniform Guidance and the awarding agency disallowing the federal award and requesting the return of the award. Context: The Agency’s procurement policy complies with many requirements of the Uniform Guidance, but the policy does not comply with certain required provisions, including the thresholds for micro purchases, simplified acquisition threshold and full public procurements and the requirements for sole sourcing procurements under section 200.320. The procurements tested were found to comply with procurement requirements under Uniform Guidance even though the policy did not include all of the required provisions. Recommendation: The Agency should update its procurement policy to reference Uniform Guidance §§ 200.317 through 200.327 and should reference contracting provisions under Appendix II to Part 200 to be in compliance with Uniform Guidance prior to procurements being made under future federal awards. Views of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Actions: Management’s response and planned corrective action is included in the Corrective Action Plan included at the end of the report.

Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Program Name: Highway Planning and Construction Assistance Listing Number: 20.205 Federal Award Identification Number and Year: 395-0096-25-21 & 395-0096-25-22 – Year Ended December 31, 2025 Award Period: January 1, 2025 – December 31, 2025 Type of Finding: Significant Deficiency in Internal Control over Compliance Other Matters Criteria or specific requirement: § 200.318 “General procurement standards” states that recipients or subrecipients must maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a federal award or subaward, including for acquisition of property or services. These documented procurement procedures must be consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327. The recipient or subrecipient must also maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award, and administration of contracts. Condition: The Commission had not established written procurement or conflict of interest policies. Questioned costs: None Context: Although the Commission followed procurement, suspension and debarment processes to verify vendors met compliance requirements, no documented process or policies were maintained by the Commission. Cause: The lack of written policy and internal control structure does not include a process for ensuring procurement, suspension and debarment requirements are met for all required vendors. Effect: The Commission may contract with or make subawards under covered transactions that do not follow proper procurement processes or to parties that are suspended or debarred. Repeat Finding: No Recommendation: We recommend that the Commission update their current procurement and conflict of interest policies and implement a system of internal controls over procurement, suspension and debarment that will ensure compliance. Views of responsible officials: Management agrees with the finding.

Finding 2025-001 – Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Identification of the federal program: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services U.S. Department of Defense Research and Development Cluster Assistance Listing Number: 93.351 – Research Infrastructure Programs Federal Award Numbers Award Period Pass-Through Entity, if Applicable P51OD011133-26 5/1/2024-4/30/2025 N/A P51OD011133-27 5/1/2025-4/30/2026 N/A Criteria or specific requirement (including statutory, regulatory, or other citation) 2 CFR 200.303(a) requires that a non-federal entity must “(a) establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in “Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government” issued by the Comptroller General of the United States and the “Internal Control Integrated Framework”, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).” 200.318 General procurement standards. (i) Procurement records. The recipient or subrecipient must maintain records sufficient to detail the history of each procurement transaction. These records must include the rationale for the procurement method, contract type selection, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for the contract price. 200.319 Competition. (a) All procurement transactions under the Federal award must be conducted in a manner that provides full and open competition and is consistent with the standards of this section and § 200.320. 200.320 Procurement Methods There are three types of procurement methods described in this section: informal procurement methods (for micro-purchases and simplified acquisitions); formal procurement methods (through sealed bids or proposals); and noncompetitive procurement methods. For any of these methods, the recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and §§ 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319. (a) Informal procurement methods for small purchases. These procurement methods expedite the completion of transactions, minimize administrative burdens, and reduce costs. Informal procurement methods may be used when the value of the procurement transaction under the Federal award does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold as defined in § 200.1. Recipients and subrecipients may also establish a lower threshold. Informal procurement methods include: (1) Micro-purchases — (i) Distribution. The aggregate amount of the procurement transaction does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold defined in § 200.1. To the extent practicable, the recipient or subrecipient should distribute micro-purchases equitably among qualified suppliers. (ii) Micro-purchase awards. Micro-purchases may be awarded without soliciting competitive price or rate quotations if the recipient or subrecipient considers the price reasonable based on research, experience, purchase history, or other information; and maintains documents to support its conclusion. Purchase cards may be used as a method of payment for micro-purchases. (iii) Micro-purchase thresholds. The recipient or subrecipient is responsible for determining and documenting an appropriate micro-purchase threshold based on internal controls, an evaluation of risk, and its documented procurement procedures. The micro-purchase threshold used by the recipient or subrecipient must be authorized or not prohibited under State, local, or tribal laws or regulations. (2) Simplified acquisitions — (i) Simplified acquisition procedures. The aggregate dollar amount of the procurement transaction is higher than the micro-purchase threshold but does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold. If simplified acquisition procedures are used, price or rate quotations must be obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources. Unless specified by the Federal agency, the recipient or subrecipient may exercise judgment in determining what number is adequate. (ii) Simplified acquisition thresholds. The recipient or subrecipient is responsible for determining an appropriate simplified acquisition threshold based on internal controls, an evaluation of risk, and its documented procurement procedures, which may be lower than, but must not exceed, the threshold established in the FAR. (b) Formal procurement methods. Formal procurement methods are required when the value of the procurement transaction under a Federal award exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold of the recipient or subrecipient. Formal procurement methods are competitive and require public notice. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement transactions above the simplified acquisition threshold determined by the recipient or subrecipient in accordance with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section: (1) Sealed bids. This is a procurement method in which bids are publicly solicited through an invitation and a firm fixed-price contract (lump sum or unit price) is awarded to the responsible bidder whose bid conforms with all the material terms and conditions of the invitation and is the lowest in price. The sealed bids procurement method is preferred for procuring construction services. (i) For sealed bidding to be feasible, the following conditions should be present: (A) A complete, adequate, and realistic specification or purchase description is available; (B) Two or more responsible bidders have been identified as willing and able to compete effectively for the business; and (C) The procurement lends itself to a firm-fixed-price contract, and the selection of the successful bidder can be made principally based on price. (ii) If sealed bids are used, the following requirements apply: (A) Bids must be solicited from an adequate number of qualified sources, providing them with sufficient response time prior to the date set for opening the bids. Unless specified by the Federal agency, the recipient or subrecipient may exercise judgment in determining what number is adequate. For local governments, the invitation for bids must be publicly advertised. (B) The invitation for bids must define the items or services with specific information, including any required specifications, for the bidder to properly respond; (C) All bids will be opened at the time and place prescribed in the invitation for bids. For local governments, the bids must be opened publicly. (D) A firm-fixed-price contract is awarded in writing to the lowest responsive bid and responsible bidder. When specified in the invitation for bids, factors such as discounts, transportation cost, and life-cycle costs must be considered in determining which bid is the lowest. Payment discounts must only be used to determine the low bid when the recipient or subrecipient determines they are a valid factor based on prior experience. (E) The recipient or subrecipient must document and provide a justification for all bids it rejects. (2) Proposals. This is a procurement method used when conditions are not appropriate for using sealed bids. This procurement method may result in either a fixed-price or cost-reimbursement contract. They are awarded in accordance with the following requirements: (i) Requests for proposals require public notice, and all evaluation factors and their relative importance must be identified. Proposals must be solicited from multiple qualified entities. To the maximum extent practicable, any proposals submitted in response to the public notice must be considered. (ii) The recipient or subrecipient must have written procedures for conducting technical evaluations and making selections. (iii) Contracts must be awarded to the responsible offeror whose proposal is most advantageous to the recipient or subrecipient considering price and other factors; and (iv) The recipient or subrecipient may use competitive proposal procedures for qualifications-based procurement of architectural/engineering (A/E) professional services whereby the offeror’s qualifications are evaluated, and the most qualified offeror is selected, subject to negotiation of fair and reasonable compensation. The method, where the price is not used as a selection factor, can only be used to procure architectural/engineering (A/E) professional services. The method may not be used to purchase other services provided by A/E firms that are a potential source to perform the proposed effort. (c) Noncompetitive procurement. There are specific circumstances in which the recipient or subrecipient may use a noncompetitive procurement method. The noncompetitive procurement method may only be used if one of the following circumstances applies: (1) The aggregate amount of the procurement transaction does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold (see paragraph (a)(1) of this section); (2) The procurement transaction can only be fulfilled by a single source; (3) The public exigency or emergency for the requirement will not permit a delay resulting from providing public notice of a competitive solicitation; (4) The recipient or subrecipient requests in writing to use a noncompetitive procurement method, and the Federal agency or pass-through entity provides written approval; or (5) After soliciting several sources, competition is determined inadequate. 200.324 Contract cost and price. (a) The recipient or subrecipient must perform a cost or price analysis for every procurement transaction, including contract modifications, in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold. The method and degree of analysis conducted depend on the facts surrounding the particular procurement transaction. For example, the recipient or subrecipient should consider potential workforce impacts in their analysis if the procurement transaction will displace public sector employees. However, as a starting point, the recipient or subrecipient must make independent estimates before receiving bids or proposals. (b) Costs or prices based on estimated costs for contracts under the Federal award are allowable only to the extent that the costs incurred or cost estimates included in negotiated prices would be allowable for the recipient or subrecipient under subpart E of this part. The recipient or subrecipient may reference its own cost principles as long as they comply with subpart E of this part. (c) The recipient or subrecipient must not use the “cost plus a percentage of cost” and “percentage of construction costs” methods of contracting. Condition Texas Biomed did not comply with procurement requirements per the Uniform Guidance. Specifically, Texas Biomed did not comply with informal procurement methods for small purchases and noncompetitive procurement requirements. Texas Biomed also did not comply with its own procurement policy in relation to procurements of small purchases and noncompetitive procurements. Additionally, Texas Biomed did not maintain records for certain procurements sufficient to detail the history of procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, the basis for the contract price, and the performance of a cost or price analysis, when required. Cause Texas Biomed did not have effective internal controls and procedures in place to ensure Texas Biomed complied with federal procurement requirements and Texas Biomed’s procurement policy and also maintained records for procurements sufficient to detail the history of procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement and other required elements, including a cost or price analysis, when required. Effect or potential effect Texas Biomed did not comply with the general procurement standards, methods of procurement, and cost or price analysis requirements, according to the Uniform Guidance. Questioned costs $211,839 in total for 3 procurements as follows: $38,000 – Assistance Listing Number 93.351, Award Identification Number – P51OD011133-26 Procurement Date of January 28, 2025 $162,986 – Assistance Listing Number 93.351, Award Identification Number – P51OD011133-27, Procurement Date of May 22, 2025 $10,853 – Assistance Listing Number 93.351, Award Identification Number – P51OD011133-27, Procurement Date of May 22, 2025 Per 2 CFR 200.1, questioned cost means an amount, expended or received from a Federal award, that in the auditor’s judgment: (1) Is noncompliant or suspected noncompliant with Federal statutes, regulations, or the terms and conditions of the Federal award; (2) At the time of the audit, lacked adequate documentation to support compliance; or (3) Appeared unreasonable and did not reflect the actions a prudent person would take in the circumstances. Questioned costs were computed as the value of the individual procurements tested that were not compliant with the Uniform Guidance or that lacked adequate documentation to support compliance regarding the history of the procurement, including the rationale of the procurement and the performance of a cost or price analysis, when required. None of the questioned costs were related to procurements that appeared unreasonable. Context EY issued a material weakness for Texas Biomed related to internal control over procurement in the prior year. Based upon the implementation date for the corrective action of September 2025 through November 2025, provided by management, the finding related to this internal control had not been remediated for the full period under audit. As such, we did not test the operating effectiveness of this control and are issuing a material weakness consistent with the prior year finding. EY tested 13 procurements over the micro-purchase threshold of $10,000, with expenditures totaling $1,383,894 from a population of 53 procurements over the micro-purchase threshold of $10,000 ($15,000 effective October 1, 2025), with expenditures totaling $4,752,988 during the year ended December 31, 2025. For 1 procurement with expenditures in the amount of $162,986, related to a purchase order dated May 22, 2025 for $660,754, for animal food, Texas Biomed did not perform a cost or price analysis prior to the procurement. Since the total purchase order for this procurement exceeded $250,000, the simplified acquisition threshold, a cost or price analysis was required. EY observed that a cost analysis was performed for this same vendor for animal food on October 22, 2025. For 1 procurement with expenditures in the amount of $38,000, related to a purchase order dated January 28, 2025 for the same amount, for lab services, Texas Biomed did not obtain quotes or document sole source justification or the history of the procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement, at the time of the procurement. Subsequently, Texas Biomed prepared sole source documentation for the procurement during the audit. For 1 procurement with expenditures in the amount of $10,853, related to a purchase order dated May 22, 2025 for $232,000, for fuel, Texas Biomed did not document sole source justification at the time of the procurement but instead utilized outdated sole source justification prepared over a year earlier under a separate procurement. We consider the expenditures related to these procurements to be questioned costs due to Texas Biomed not adhering to federal procurement requirements per the Uniform Guidance and also Texas Biomed’s procurement policy. Identification as a repeat finding, if applicable This is a repeat finding – Finding 2023-002 and 2024-002. Recommendation Texas Biomed should comply with federal procurement requirements, as well as Texas Biomed’s procurement policy with regards to obtaining quotes for small purchases and documentation of sole source justification at the time of the procurement, as applicable. Texas Biomed should re-evaluate and document sole source justifications for vendors retained from year to year each time a new procurement is made from that vendor. Texas Biomed should retain written documentation for procurements, documenting the history of the procurement prior to the procurement of goods or services including, but not limited to, the rationale for the method of procurement, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, the basis for the contract price, and the performance of a cost or price analysis, when required. Views of responsible officials Management agrees with the finding and implemented corrective action as of November 2025. The instances of noncompliance noted above occurred prior to November 2025. For the procurement with expenditures of $162,986 for animal food, a cost analysis was performed on October 22, 2025 and provided during the audit. This was a sole source procurement, but it should be noted that the cost analysis showed the supplier Texas Biomed used was 55% lower in cost than another supplier of similar, though not identical, animal food. For the procurement with expenditures of $38,000 for lab services, sole source documentation was prepared during the audit explaining that this is the only lab found to provide the services needed, accept Texas Biomed’s samples, and provide the results needed timely. For the procurement with expenditures of $10,853 for fuel, sole source documentation was updated July 1, 2025.

Procurement Federal agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Federal program title: Health Center Program Cluster Assistance Listing Number: 93.224/93.527 Award Period: 6/1/24-5/31/25; 6/1/25-5/31/26 Criteria: CFR § 200.320 (methods of procurement to be followed) indicates that the non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and CFR § 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the approved procurement methods used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. Condition: There was no documentation available to support that the Organization followed its procurement policies and procedures related to transactions selected for testing. Questioned Costs: $209,640 Context: Five of five transactions selected for procurement testing did not have documentation to support that policies and procedures were followed. Cause: Unknown. Effect: Potential use of federal funds in a manner that is not most efficient or economical. Repeat Finding: No. Recommendation: We recommend the Organization consistently follow its established policies and procedures related to the maintaining of necessary documentation to support the method of procurement utilized. The Organization may also consider qualifying multiple vendors for particular goods/services and then utilizing an approved vendors list. Views of Responsible Officials: There is no disagreement with the audit finding.

FINDING 2025-001 Subject: COVID-19 - Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds - Suspension and Debarment Federal Agency: Department of the Treasury Federal Program: COVID-19 - Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Assistance Listings Number: 21.027 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): CY2021 Pass-Through Entity: Morgan County, Indiana Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Significant Deficiency, Other Matters INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 13 TOWN OF MOORESVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Condition and Context The Town spent COVID-19 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (SLFRF) award dollars from two sources during the audit period. One source was a direct allocation from the Department of the Treasury (Treasury). The other source was a pass-through from Morgan County, Indiana. Direct Treasury funds that are spent under the revenue loss eligible use category are not subject to the federal procurement requirements set forth in 2 CFR § 200.318-200.327. Because the Town classified all its direct Treasury funds spent during the audit period as revenue loss, federal procurement rules do not apply to those expenditures. However, procurement requirements do apply to the SLFRF funds the Town spent as a subrecipient of Morgan County, Indiana. Procurement - Policy Award funds may be used to procure goods and services necessary to carry out the purpose of the award. The Town must follow its own documented procurement policies and procedures, which must reflect applicable state and federal laws and regulations. The Town did not have a procurement policy or procedures that complied with state or federal laws and regulations for the procurement of goods or services with federal funds. Procurement - Small Purchases Federal regulations allow for informal procurement methods when the value of the procurement for goods or services does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold, which is set at $250,000 unless a lower, more restrictive threshold is set by a nonfederal entity. As Indiana Code has set a more restrictive threshold of $150,000, informal procurement methods are permitted when the value of the procurement does not exceed $150,000. This informal process allows for methods other than the formal bid process. The informal process is divided between two methods based on thresholds. Micro-purchases are typically for those purchases $50,000 or under, and small purchase procedures are for those purchases above the micro-purchase threshold but below the simplified acquisition threshold. Micro-purchases may be awarded without soliciting competitive price rate quotations. If small purchase procedures are used, the price or rate quotations must be obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources. The Town had one vendor that qualified for and was tested under the small purchase procedures. The Town paid this vendor $92,463 during the audit period for a sanitation project but did not obtain the required price or rate quotations. The ineffective internal controls and noncompliance were isolated to the procurement policy and the small purchase identified above. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must: INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 14 TOWN OF MOORESVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in 'Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government' issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the 'Internal Control Integrated Framework', issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). . . ." 2 CFR 200.318(a) states: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards of this section, for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The non- Federal entity's documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327." 2 CFR 200.320 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and §§ 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the following methods of procurement used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or sub-award. (a) Informal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal award does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), as defined in § 200.1, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are not required. The non-Federal entity may use informal procurement methods to expedite the completion of its transactions and minimize the associated administrative burden and cost. The informal methods used for procurement of property or services at or below the SAT include: . . . (2) Small purchases— (i) Small purchase procedures. The acquisition of property or services, the aggregate dollar amount of which is higher than the micro-purchase threshold but does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold. If small purchase procedures are used, price or rate quotations must be obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources as determined appropriate by the non-Federal entity. . . ." Cause Management was unaware of this grant requirement relating to the federal procurement policy and obtaining quotes for federal small purchases. Effect The failure to establish an effective system of internal controls and retain and provide appropriate supporting documentation prevented the determination of the Town's compliance with the compliance requirement listed above. The failure to design and implement an effective system of internal controls enabled noncompliance to go undetected. Noncompliance with the grant agreement and the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement could result in the loss of future federal funds to the Town. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 15 TOWN OF MOORESVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Questioned Costs There were no questioned costs identified. Recommendation We recommended that the Town's management establish a system of internal controls to ensure that they are in compliance with the grant agreement the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement. Views of Responsible Officials For the views of responsible officials, refer to the Corrective Action Plan that is part of this report.

Finding: 2025-005 – Procurement ALN and Title: 21.027 – COVID-19 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Treasury Passthrough Entity: State of Nevada Governor’s Finance Office Budget Division Type of Finding: Significant Deficiency Criteria: Per 2 CFR §200.318(a), non-federal entities must: “Use their own documented procurement procedures which reflect applicable State, local, and Tribal laws and regulations, provided that the procurements conform to applicable Federal law and the standards identified in this part.” Additionally, 2 CFR §200.318(b) requires non-federal entities to maintain oversight to ensure contractors perform in accordance with the terms, conditions, and specifications of contracts or purchase orders. Condition: The Foundation did not maintain a formal written procurement policy governing purchases made with federal funds during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Cause: Management had not established and formally documented procurement procedures designed to ensure compliance with Uniform Guidance procurement standards Effect: Without a documented procurement policy, the Foundation is at increased risk of noncompliance with federal procurement requirements, including inadequate competition, inconsistent purchasing practices, and insufficient documentation supporting procurement decisions. Questioned Costs: Unknown. Identification of a repeat finding: Not applicable. Context: The Foundation did not have written policies surrounding procurement so formal control procedures were not documented. However, procurement procedures were followed. Recommendation: We recommend the Foundation adopt a formal written procurement policy that complies with Uniform Guidance requirements under 2 CFR §200.317–§200.327. The policy should address procurement methods, competition requirements, conflict of interest standards, documentation requirements, contractor oversight, and suspension and debarment procedures. View of Responsible Management agrees with this recommendation. See prepared corrective action plan Officials: for details.

Finding 2025-002 Type of Finding: Significant deficiency in control with Federal program requirements (Procurement and Suspension and Debarment) Repeat Finding: No Criteria: Under 2 CFR 200.303, nonfederal entities must establish and maintain effective internal control over federal awards to provide reasonable assurance of compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. The Uniform Guidance further requires that, upon implementing the procurement standards, a nonfederal entity must have written procurement policies and procedures that reflect the procurement requirements in 2 CFR 200.317–.326, including methods of procurement, competition, and required contract provisions. In addition, for procurement transactions, nonfederal entities must ensure that contractors are not suspended or debarred or otherwise excluded from participation in federal assistance programs, typically by checking the System for Award Management (SAM.gov) or obtaining appropriate certifications, when procurement and suspension and debarment are applicable compliance requirements. Condition: For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Leadville Sanitation District did not have written procurement policies and procedures that incorporated the applicable Uniform Guidance procurement standards. In addition, for a sample of transactions subject to procurement tested under major federal programs, the District was unable to provide documentation demonstrating that it had verified vendors were not suspended or debarred when such verification was required. Upon further testing, we were able to verify that none of the vendors were suspended or debarred. Cause: The condition resulted from management not being aware that formalization and documentation of procurement policies and procedures in accordance with the Uniform Guidance and not implementing a consistent process for documenting suspension and debarment checks for covered transactions were required. Potential Effect: The lack of written procurement policies and procedures and the absence of documentation supporting suspension and debarment checks increase the risk that procurement transactions under federal programs may not comply with the Uniform Guidance procurement standards and suspension and debarment requirements. This could result in noncompliance with federal program requirements, potential disallowance of costs, or other remedial actions by federal agencies or pass-through entities. Questioned Costs: None. Recommendation: We recommend that the District (1) develop and formally adopt written procurement policies and procedures that align with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.317–.326, including provisions addressing procurement methods, competition, conflicts of interest, required contract clauses, and documentation requirements; and (2) implement and document procedures to verify and retain evidence that all contractors for covered transactions are not suspended or debarred, such as maintaining SAM.gov search results or equivalent documentation in the procurement files. We also recommend that management provide periodic training to staff involved in the procurement process regarding federal procurement and suspension and debarment requirements. Views of Responsible Officials: Management concurs with the finding and will implement controls to ensure that written procurement policies and procedures are developed and followed and that required suspension and debarment checks are documented for all covered procurement transactions under federal programs

FINDING 2025-001 Subject: Water and Waste Disposal Systems for Rural Communities - Procurement Federal Agency: Department of Agriculture Federal Program: Water and Waste Disposal Systems for Rural Communities Assistance Listings Number: 10.760 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): BAN-2 Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Material Weakness, Other Matters INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 13 CITY OF HUNTINGBURG SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Repeat Finding This is a repeat finding from the immediately prior audit report. The prior audit finding number was 2024-002. Condition and Context As part of sound management of the federal award, the City was responsible for implementing a system of internal controls that would ensure compliance with the applicable requirements. The City had not properly designed or implemented such a system that would likely be effective in preventing, or detecting and correcting, noncompliance. The purchasing policy provided by the City for review did not include the applicable federal regulations, such as procedures to avoid the acquisition of unnecessary or duplicative items and procedures to ensure that all solicitations incorporate a clear and accurate description of the technical requirements for the material, product, or service to be procured. Additionally, the City did not maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award, and administration of contracts. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must: (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in 'Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government' issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the 'Internal Control Integrated Framework', issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). . . ." 2 CFR 200.318(a) states: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards of this section, for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The non- Federal entity's documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in § 200.317 through 200.327." Cause The City did not fully implement the corrective measures stated in the City's corrective action plan prepared in response to this same finding included in the immediately prior audit report. Effect Without a proper system of internal controls in place that operated effectively, the City did not properly follow its corrective action plan and did not update its purchasing policy to reflect the required federal procurement standards. As a result, noncompliance identified in the immediately prior audit remained uncorrected throughout the current audit period. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 14 CITY OF HUNTINGBURG SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Noncompliance with the provisions of federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award could result in the loss of future federal funding to the City. Questioned Costs There were no questioned costs identified. Recommendation We recommended that the City update its purchasing policy to incorporate all appropriate federal regulations to ensure compliance with the procurement standards applicable to federal awards. Views of Responsible Officials For the views of responsible officials, refer to the Corrective Action Plan that is part of this report.

FINDING 2025-002 Subject: Assistance to Firefighters Grant - Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Federal Agency: Department of Homeland Security Federal Program: Assistance to Firefighters Grant Assistance Listings Number: 97.044 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): EMW-2023-FG-06299 Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Material Weakness, Modified Opinion Condition and Context Procurement Federal regulations require recipients of federal awards to maintain documented procedures for procurement under a federal award. These procedures must comply with State, local, and tribal laws, along with applicable provisions under 2 CFR 200.317 through 2 CFR 200.327. These requirements include the avoiding of acquisition of unnecessary or duplicative items, a clear and accurate description of technical requirements for the items or services to be procured, the requirements for solicitations to identify any and all requirements which offerors must fill and other factors to be used in evaluating bids or proposals, and a policy prohibiting the use of statutorily or administratively imposed state, local, or tribal geographical preferences in the evaluation of bids or proposals. The City did not present a procurement policy containing these required provisions for the audit. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 15 CITY OF KENDALLVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Additionally, when the value of the procurement for property or service exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), or a lower threshold established by a nonfederal entity, formal procurement methods are required. The SAT is typically set at $250,000. However, Indiana Code 5-22-8 has a more restrictive threshold. Therefore, the SAT threshold is set at $150,000. Formal procurement methods require adherence to documented procedures and formal methods such as sealed bids or proposals. Federal regulations require a firm-fixed-price contract to be awarded in writing to the lowest responsible and responsive bidder. The City solicited bids for Air-Paks funded through the Assistance to Firefighters Grant. After awarding the bid, the City did not enter into a formal written contract with the vendor. Suspension and Debarment Prior to entering into covered transactions with federal award funds, recipients are required to verify that vendors are not suspended, debarred, or otherwise excluded. "Covered transactions" include, but are not limited to, contracts for goods and services awarded under a nonprocurement transaction (i.e., grant agreement) that are expected to equal or exceed $25,000. The verification is to be done by checking the Excluded Parties List System (EPLS), collecting a certification from that person, or adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person. The City did not have policies or procedures in place to verify that vendors were not suspended or debarred before entering into covered transactions. During the audit period, the City entered into one covered transaction for Air-Paks, utilizing $837,350 of federal award monies, which met the $25,000 threshold for verification. However, the City did not verify the vendor's suspension or debarment status prior to payment because no process existed to ensure contractors were not suspended, debarred, or otherwise excluded or disqualified from participating in federal assistance programs or activities. The lack of internal controls and noncompliance was a systemic issue throughout the audit period. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must: (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in 'Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government' issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the 'Internal Control Integrated Framework', issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). . . ." 2 CFR 200.320 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and §§ 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the following methods of procurement used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or sub-award. . . . INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 16 CITY OF KENDALLVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) (b) Formal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal financial assistance award exceeds the SAT, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are required. Formal procurement methods require following documented procedures. Formal procurement methods also require public advertising unless a non-competitive procurement can be used in accordance with § 200.319 or paragraph (c) of this section. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement of property or services above the simplified acquisition threshold or a value below the simplified acquisition threshold the non-Federal entity determines to be appropriate: . . . (ii) If sealed bids are used, the following requirements apply: . . . (D) A firm-fixed-price contract will be made in writing to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder. When specified in bidding documents, factors such as discounts, transportation cost, and life-cycle costs must be considered in determining which bid is lowest. Payment discounts will only be used to determine the low bid when prior experience indicates that such discounts are usually taken advantage of; and . . ." 2 CFR 180.300 states: "When you enter into a covered transaction with another person at the next lower tier, you must verify that the person with whom you intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified. You do this by: (a) Checking SAM.gov Exclusions; or (b) Collecting a certification from that person; or (c) Adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person." Cause The City did not implement effective internal controls to safeguard their procurement policy. The City's procurement policy was destroyed in a storm, and no backup copies were available. Also, the City was not aware that a formal written contract was needed for procurements exceeding the SAT threshold or the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement when a covered transaction is expected to equal or exceed $25,000. Effect Without the proper implementation of an effectively designed system of internal controls, the City is at risk of noncompliance with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement, including the potential for a loss of federal funds awarded to the City. Questioned Costs There were no questioned costs identified. Recommendation We recommended that the City design and implement a proper system of internal controls, including policies and procedures, to ensure the City complies with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 17 CITY OF KENDALLVILLE SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Views of Responsible Officials For the views of responsible officials, refer to the Corrective Action Plan that is part of this report.

U.S Department of Health and Human Services Federal Financial Assistance Listing #93.493 Congressional Directives Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Compliance and Material Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200. 303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform procurement standards to Uniform Guidance standards in sections 2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327. Additionally, 2 CFR 200 Appendix II requires certain provisions be included in contracts if criteria are applicable. Condition: Testing of the federal program identified the following: 􀁸 The Hospital’s formally documented procurement policy was missing the required elements detailed under Uniform Guidance. 􀁸 Instances where the Hospital did not follow the procurement process, and/or retain documentation for reasoning of selection of vendor. Cause: The Hospital was not aware of the federal procurement requirements and did not have an established policy. Contract provisions were not evaluated compared to Uniform Guidance contract requirements and documentation was not retained to support procurement and selection of vendors. Effect: The Hospital was not in compliance with the procurement standards for their purchases and are not in compliance with the requirement to have a written policy in accordance with Uniform Guidance. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context: A nonstatistical sample of 4 out of 14 vendors were selected for testing. Repeat Finding from Prior Years: No Recommendation: We recommend the Hospital update their procurement policy to ensure it includes all the required elements in accordance with Uniform Guidance. In addition, we suggest that management implement procedures and control processes related to the review of procurement to ensure the procurement methods are being followed and documentation is retained to support compliance. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

Department of Treasury, State of Iowa Department of Management, Federal Financial Assistance Listing 21.029, 526659, 2025 COVID-19 Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance and Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform to the procurement standards in sections 200.317 through 200.327. Condition: Testing of the federal program identified the following: --One instance where the Cooperative did complete price comparisons; however, the memo documenting the procurement did not reference the price comparison. The procurement file did not obtain all required components of the procurement process including rationale for selecting the vendor or the procurement method used. --One instance where the Cooperative did not follow the procurement process as detailed in the procurement policy and no documentation was retained to support the rationale for selection of vendor. Cause: The Cooperative followed parts of the procurement policy in place, however, not all components were documented and retained within the procurement file. Effect: Ineffective controls over this area of compliance could result in a reasonable possibility the Cooperative would be noncompliant with the compliance requirements outlined above. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context/Sampling: A nonstatistical sample of 3 out of 6 vendors were selected for testing. Repeat Finding from Prior Year: Yes, finding 2024-002 Recommendation: We recommend that management implement procedures and control processes related to the review of contracts to ensure the procurement methods are being followed and documentation is retained to support the method of procurement. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

Finding 2025-001 Internal control deficiency and noncompliance over procurement and suspension and debarment and special tests and provisions. Identification of the federal program: Assistance Listing Number 93.493: • Congressional Directives • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • Federal award identification number – CE147096 • Federal award year – September 1, 2022 to August 31, 2025 Criteria or specific requirement (including statutory, regulatory or other citation): Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.303 Internal controls. The non-Federal entity must: (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in “Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government” issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the “Internal Control Integrated Framework”, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.318 General procurement standards (a) the non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards of this section, for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The non-Federal entity’s documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in 200.317 through 200.327; (b) non-Federal entities must maintain oversight to ensure that contractors perform in accordance with the terms, conditions, and specifications of their contracts or purchase orders; (c) (1) the non-Federal entity must maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award and administration of contracts. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.318 General procurement standards (i) the non-Federal entity must maintain records sufficient to detail the history of procurement. These records will include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following: Rationale for the method of procurement, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for the contract price. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.319 Competition (a) All procurement transactions for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award must be conducted in a manner providing full and open competition consistent with the standards of this section and 200.320. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.320 Methods of procurement to be followed. The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the following methods of procurement used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or sub-award: (a) (2) Small purchases – (i) Small purchase procedures. The acquisition of property or services, the aggregate dollar amount of which is higher than the micro-purchase threshold but does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold. If small purchase procedures are used, price or rate quotations must be obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources as determined appropriate by the non-Federal entity; (b) Formal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal financial assistance award exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are required. Formal procurement methods require following documented procedures. Formal procurement methods also require public advertising unless a non-competitive procurement can be used in accordance with 200.319 or paragraph (c) of this section. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement of property or services above the simplified acquisition threshold or a value below the simplified acquisition threshold the non-Federal entity determines to be appropriate: (1) Sealed bids. A procurement method in which bids are publicly solicited and a firm fixed-price contract (lump sum or unit price) is awarded to the responsible bidder whose bid, conforming with all the material terms and conditions of the invitation for bids, is the lowest in price; (2) Proposals. A procurement method in which either a fixed price or cost-reimbursement type contract is awarded. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.320 Methods of procurement to be followed. (c) Noncompetitive procurement. There are specific circumstances in which noncompetitive procurement can be used. Noncompetitive procurement can only be awarded if one or more of the following circumstances apply: (1) The acquisition of property or services, the aggregate dollar amount of which does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold; (2) The item is available only from a single source; (3) The public exigency or emergency for the requirement will not permit a delay resulting from publicizing a competitive solicitation; (4) The Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity expressly authorizes a noncompetitive procurement in response to a written request from the non-Federal entity; or (5) After solicitation of a number of sources, competition is determined inadequate. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.324 Contract cost and price. (a) The non-Federal entity must perform a cost or price analysis in connection with every procurement action in excess of the Simplified Acquisition Threshold including contract modifications. The method and degree of analysis is dependent on the facts surrounding the particular procurement situation, but as a starting point, the non-Federal entity must make independent estimates before receiving bids or proposals. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart C 200.214 Suspension and debarment. Non-Federal entities are subject to the non-procurement debarment and suspension regulations that restrict awards, subawards, and contracts with certain parties that are debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded from or ineligible for participation in Federal assistance programs or activities. Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter I, Part 180, Subpart C 180.300 What must I do before I enter into a covered transaction with another person at the next lower tier? When you enter into a covered transaction with another person at the next lower tier, you must verify that the person with whom you intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified. You do this by: (a) checking SAM Exclusions; (b) Collecting a certification from that person; or (c) adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) project guidance requires the following: • Federal Interest – Real Property – For all construction projects, regardless of award amount, you are required to file a Notice of Federal Interest (NFI). The NFI requires prior written approval in order for the property owner to mortgage, sell, transfer, or use the property for a purpose inconsistent with the award. A notarized NFI must be filed against the property deed prior to construction in the appropriate public records office of the jurisdiction in which the property is located and once filed, a copy must be provided to the appropriate HRSA Grants Management Specialist. Condition: During our testing over procurement, we observed management did not have documented procurement procedures that conformed to the procurement standards identified in 2 CFR section 200.318 to 200.327 and written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award and administration of contracts. Management did not have internal controls in place over small purchase procurements to ensure price or rate quotations were obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources, formal procurements to ensure sealed bids or proposals were obtained through public advertising, and completion of a cost or price analysis in connection with all procurement actions exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold. Management did not maintain records for procurements to document the history of procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for the contract price. During our testing over suspension and debarment, we observed management did not have documented suspension and debarment procedures and did not have internal controls in place to ensure vendors were searched for suspension and debarment at the time of vendor selection. During our testing over special tests and provisions, we observed management did not file an NFI against the property deed prior to construction in the appropriate public records office of the jurisdiction in which the property is located and provide to the appropriate HRSA Grants Management Specialist. Cause: Management did not have internal controls in place over the compliance requirements as stated in the criteria or specific requirement section above. Effect or potential effect: Procurements were not supported by internal controls and could potentially include unreasonable prices or rates. In addition, if a search for suspension and debarment is not conducted, the entity could contract with vendors that are suspended or debarred. Special tests and provisions were not supported by internal controls in that an NFI was not filed against the property deed prior to construction in the appropriate public records office of the jurisdiction in which the property is located. Questioned costs: $1,154,000 – Assistance Listing Number 93.493 – Congressional Directives – Federal award identification number – CE147096 Questioned costs were computed as the entire population of procurement transactions subject to small purchase, formal procurement, suspension and debarment, and special tests and provisions compliance requirements. Questioned costs means a cost that is questioned by the auditor because of an audit finding: (1) which resulted from a violation or possible violation of a statute, regulation, or the terms and conditions of a Federal award, including for funds used to match Federal funds or (2) where the costs, at the time of the audit, are not supported by adequate documentation. Context: During our testing over procurements, we obtained a listing of expenditures that included $1,154,000 of procurement transactions subject to small purchase, formal procurement, suspension and debarment, and special tests and provisions compliance requirements. We observed management did not have internal controls in place to ensure the compliance requirements as stated in the criteria or specific requirement section above were performed. Identification as a repeat finding, if applicable: No. Recommendation: Management should create documented procurement procedures that conform to the procurement standards identified in 2 CFR section 200.318 through 200.327 and written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the actions of its employees engaged in the selection, award and administration of contracts. Management should develop and implement internal controls over small purchase procurements to ensure price or rate quotations are obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources, formal procurements to ensure sealed bids or proposals are obtained through public advertising, and completion of a cost or price analysis in connection with all procurement actions exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold. Management should maintain records for procurements to document the history of procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for the contract price. Management should create documented suspension and debarment procedures and develop and implement internal controls to ensure vendors were searched for suspension and debarment at the time of vendor selection. Management should review the procurements identified as questioned costs to identify if any improper payments were made to the entity. Management should develop and implement internal controls over special tests and procedures to ensure that an NFI is filed against the property deed prior to construction in the appropriate public records office of the jurisdiction in which the property is located and provide to the appropriate HRSA Grants Management Specialist. Views of responsible officials: We agree with the finding that internal controls were not sufficient to maintain compliance with federal procurement standards under Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter II, Part 200, Subpart D, 200.318 to 200.327 for a non-federal entity. However, the funds were expended for the intended purpose of the federal award. The Company is committed to implementing internal controls to ensure procurement related to federal awards follow 2 CFR section 200.318 to 200.327. The Company implemented the procurement policy it created on September 30, 2025, in response to prior audit findings 2024-001 and 2024-003, which occurred after the end of the federal award year for this program, that addresses this finding. This procurement policy complies with the requirements of 2 CFR section 200.318 through 200.327, that includes the written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governs the actions of its employees who select, award and administer procurement contracts. This policy includes procedures to ensure proper procurement for small purchases to ensure sufficient price quotations are obtained from the required number of qualified sources, proper sealed bids or proposals are obtained through public advertising, an appropriate cost or price analysis is performed for procurement actions exceeding the simplified acquisition threshold, documentation is retained, and proper oversight is exercised in accordance with 2 CFR section 200.318 through 200.327. While the Company did not perform a check of each vendor against the SAM Exclusions prior to selecting a vendor, the Company has procedures in place to ensure the vendors are approved by Corporate purchasing and in good standing, which limits the risk of conflict of interest between employees and vendors, and limits contracting with a vendor who is suspended or debarred from federal related contracting. Further, the Company confirmed the vendors that were contracted with related to this finding were not included on the SAM Exclusions listing. The Company has now filed the Notice of Federal Interest (“NFI”), and provided the NFI to the appropriate HRSA Grants Management Specialist. The Company also updated its procurement policy to ensure that, regardless of the award amount, it files an NFI against the property deed prior to construction of any project in the appropriate public records office of the jurisdiction in which the property is located and provides a copy to the appropriate HRSA Grants Management Specialist.

Finding 2025-002 – Policies and Procedures Require Review and Update – ALN 14.871 Housing Choice Voucher Program, ALN 14.850 Low Rent Public Housing, ALN 14.872 Capital Fund Program – Significant Deficiency Condition & Cause: The Housing Authority has not adequately reviewed and updated several policies and procedures necessary to provide current guidance to employees and ensure compliance with applicable federal requirements and generally accepted internal control practices. Specifically, we noted: 1. The capitalization policy establishes a $500 threshold for capitalization and tracking of nonexpendable equipment. The threshold has contributed to difficulty maintaining an accurate inventory of equipment, including appliances. 2. The investment policy was adopted in December 2009 and has not been updated to reflect current requirements and practices. 3. The Housing Authority does not have a comprehensive financial policies and procedures manual addressing the flow of financial documents, internal controls over Housing Authority assets, authorization procedures, financial reporting responsibilities, and segregation of duties. 4. The Housing Authority does not have a formal conflict-of-interest policy applicable to Board members and employees. 5. The procurement policy was last revised April 23, 2024. The policy states that Board of Commissioners approval is not required for any procurement action. The current policy also establishes informal procurement thresholds of up to $40,000, with requirements for three quotations for purchases between $10,000 and $40,000 and sealed bids for purchases exceeding $40,000. The conditions appear to have resulted from an inadequate process for periodically reviewing and updating policies to reflect changes in federal requirements, HUD guidance, and the Housing Authority's current operations. Criteria: 2 CFR §200.303(a) requires a recipient or subrecipient to establish, document, and maintain effective internal control over Federal awards that provides reasonable assurance of compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of Federal awards. 2 CFR §200.303(c) further requires management to evaluate and monitor compliance and §200.303(d) requires prompt action when instances of noncompliance are identified. With respect to procurement, 2 CFR §200.318(a) requires the recipient or subrecipient to maintain and use documented procurement procedures that are consistent with applicable State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the Federal procurement standards contained in 2 CFR §§200.317–200.327. 2 CFR §200.318(c)(1) also requires written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest for employees involved in the selection, award, and administration of contracts. HUD's Public Housing Procurement Handbook 7460.8 states that PHAs are required to establish and follow a written procurement policy consistent with 2 CFR §§200.317–200.327. The Handbook also addresses the authority and responsibility of the PHA Board for approving the procurement policy and delegating procurement authority. The Housing Authority's own Board-approved procurement policy establishes procurement thresholds and procedures that are required to be followed unless properly amended by the Board. Accordingly, the Housing Authority is required to maintain policies that are consistent with applicable Federal requirements and to administer procurements in accordance with its approved policies. Effect: Outdated or incomplete policies increase the risk that employees will not have adequate guidance to perform their responsibilities consistently and that the Housing Authority will not comply with applicable federal, HUD, state, and local requirements. In particular, the absence of comprehensive financial policies and procedures and an updated procurement policy increases the risk of unauthorized transactions, inadequate competition, unsupported procurements, conflicts of interest, inadequate segregation of duties, and inconsistent treatment of Housing Authority transactions. Recommendation: We recommend that the Housing Authority conduct a comprehensive review of all financial, procurement, investment, capitalization, conflict-of-interest, and other significant administrative policies at least annually and whenever applicable federal or HUD requirements change. Specifically, the Housing Authority should: • Revise the capitalization policy and establish a threshold that is practical to administer while maintaining adequate control over material nonexpendable equipment; • Update the investment policy to reflect current requirements and investment practices; • Develop and formally adopt a comprehensive financial policies and procedures manual; • Develop and implement a formal conflict-of-interest policy applicable to Board members, employees, and other applicable parties; • Revise the procurement policy to reflect current federal and HUD requirements, including HUD Handbook 7460.8, Rev. 3 and applicable provisions of 2 CFR Part 200; • Establish clear Board approval requirements for significant procurement contracts and other material commitments; and • Establish a formal process for management and the Board to periodically review and approve policy updates. Questioned Costs: None Repeat Finding: No Was sampling statistically valid? Yes Views of responsible officials: The PHA agrees with the results of the audit and recommendations.

Criteria Title 2 CFR §200.318(a), requires a non-Federal entity to maintain and use documented procurement procedures that conform to the procurement standards contained in 2 CFR §§200.317 through 200.327. Condition The Organization did not maintain documented procurement procedures that incorporated the procurement standards required by Uniform Guidance. During the year ended December 31, 2025, HUD funds were used to reimburse costs associated with a mixed-finance capital construction project. The general contractor for the project was selected prior to the commitment of HUD funding for the project. The grant agreement disclosed a contractor was already selected Cause Management had not previously administered federal funding for a capital construction project subject to Uniform Guidance procurement standards and accordingly had not developed formal written procurement procedures conforming to 2 CFR §§200.317 through 200.327. In addition, the general contractor was selected prior to the commitment of HUD funding to the project. Effect The absence of documented procurement procedures increases the risk that procurements funded in whole or in part with federal awards may not comply with applicable federal procurement requirements. This condition represents a significant deficiency in internal control over compliance and noncompliance with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement. Questioned Costs None ($0). Context This finding relates to the Economic Development Initiative major program (ALN 14.251). This is the first year the program was audited as a major program and therefore is not a repeat finding. Recommendations We recommend the Organization develop, formally adopt, and implement written procurement procedures that conform to the requirements of 2 CFR §§200.317 through 200.327 and apply those procedures to all procurement activity funded in whole or in part by federal awards. Views of Responsible Officials Management agrees with the finding and will develop and implement written procurement procedures consistent with Uniform Guidance requirements.

Criteria: The Uniform Guidance procurement standards are located in 2 CFR, Subpart D, Sections 200.317 through 200.327. All organizations are required to follow specific procurement standards when making major purchases with federal funds, including purchases of supplies, property, equipment, real property, and services. Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requires that (1) recipients establish and follow written procurement procedures that conform to applicable federal statutes and procurement requirements identified in 2 CFR part 200 and (2) contracts and subawards under covered transactions not be made with parties listed on the General Services Administration's System for Award Management (SAM) Exclusions (debarred, suspended, otherwise excluded, or declared ineligible) Condition: Management has an established procurement policy. However, during our testing of a non-statistical sample of three procurements for the year ended December 31, 2025, we identified the following exceptions: • For one procurement tested, management did not document a formal cost/price analysis, and a competitive bid was not obtained. • For another procurement tested, the contract was a covered contract over $25,000; however, management did not document review of whether the contractor was suspended or debarred. Sikich performed a search of SAM (or the applicable exclusion listing) and noted the contractor was not listed as suspended or debarred; however, management did not retain documentation evidencing its verification procedures. Cause: The condition appears to have resulted from insufficient controls to ensure procurement files include required documentation supporting (1) the basis for vendor selection (including competitive procurement support and cost/price analysis, where applicable) and (2) verification that contractors on covered transactions are not suspended or debarred prior to contract execution. Effect: The lack of required procurement documentation increases the risk that procurements are not made in accordance with procurement requirements and the Organization’s procurement policy. In addition, lack of documented verification of suspension and debarment status increases the risk the Organization could enter into covered transactions with ineligible contractors, which could result in unallowable costs and noncompliance with federal requirements. Questioned Costs: None identified. Although management did not document its suspension and debarment review for the covered contract tested, Sikich’s search noted the contractor was not suspended or debarred. In addition, no specific dollar disallowance was identified from the procurement documentation exceptions based on procedures performed. Perspective: The finding was identified during testing of the Organization’s major program for the year ended December 31, 2025. We tested a non-statistical sample of three procurements and identified two exceptions Recommendation: We recommend that management strengthen internal controls over procurement and suspension/debarment compliance and implement a standardized procurement file checklist to document key requirements for each procurement, including the procurement method, evidence of competition (as applicable), and documented cost/price analysis, where required. We also recommend that management require retention of documentation evidencing verification that contractors are not suspended or debarred for covered transactions (for example, a dated SAM Exclusions search result or equivalent evidence) prior to contract execution.

Section II – Financial Statement Findings None reported. Section III – Federal Program Audit Findings and Questioned Costs Finding Number: 2025-001 Finding: Finding Type: Material Weakness Title and Federal Assistance Listing Number of Federal Program: 21.027 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Criteria: In accordance with 2 CFR 200.320, non-federal entities must conduct all procurement transactions in a manner providing full and open competition. For purchases exceeding the micro-purchase threshold of $10,000, the entity must obtain price or rate quotations from an adequate number of qualified sources, unless the purchase qualifies as a sole-source procurement under 2 CFR 200.320(c). Additionally, 2 CFR 200.303 requires the non-federal entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Furthermore, 2 CFR 200.318(b) and 200.324 require that written contracts be executed with contractors, including all required Federal provisions to safeguard Federal funds. Condition: We examined 60 transactions during our testing of procurement transactions under the Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds. We noted that a competitive bidding process was not used in 32 of 60 transactions tested. In all 32 instances, Historic South did not provide evidence that multiple bids or quotes were solicited. The documentation and explanation provided by Historic South was not deemed to be adequate justification to qualify for the use of sole-source procurement under 2 CFR 200.320(c). Additionally, all 60 procurement transactions tested did not have a fully executed, signed contract with the respective contractors. The award/contracting process and methods used to render and pay services did not meet the expected level of formal contractual agreements in place. Cause: In early 2024, Historic South made revisions to the procurement process in order to maximize efficiency and improve overall project outcomes. These revisions were made based on the challenges of securing bids on all potential projects, the need to expend the awarded dollars in a timely fashion and a verbal agreed-upon understanding with the Ohio Department of Health. The requirement to obtain multiple bids was replaced with a strategic invitation approach based on a preferred vendor pool. The result was that Historic South did not have a procedure in place to ensure that procurement transactions were conducted in compliance with Uniform Guidance. Specifically, the procurement policy lacked provisions to enforce competitive procurement practices for purchases above the micro-purchase threshold. Additionally, the process Historic South used to make awards to contractors did not meet the expected standards required for formal contract execution prior to project initiation or payment. - 29 - Historic South Initiative Schedule of Findings and Questioned Costs - continued Year Ended December 31, 2025 Section III – Federal Program Audit Findings and Questioned Costs - continued Effect: Failure to obtain competitive bids or quotes increases the risk of paying higher prices for goods/services, or unfair contracting practices. Additionally, the lack of competitive procurement represents noncompliance with Uniform Guidance, which may lead to questioned costs and potential disallowance by the granting agency. Furthermore, the lack of formally signed contracts increases the risk of misuse of federal funds and an inability to enforce contractual obligations or resolve disputes. While our testing did not identify any instances of misspent or improperly used federal funds, the control deficiencies represent a material weakness in internal control over compliance. Questioned Costs: $1,000,798 These costs are considered questioned due to lack of compliance with Uniform Guidance. The amount represents the total bid/contract amount of the 32 transactions tested that did not meet the competitive bidding requirements. Recommendation: We recommend that Historic South implement and enforce formal procurement procedures that comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.317-200.327. These procedures should include obtaining competitive bids and/or maintaining documentation for any alternative bidding process used and approval requirements. Additionally, Historic South should require that fully executed, signed contracts be obtained prior to the start of work or payment to contractors. Staff responsible for procurement should be trained on federal procurement standards to ensure compliance. Views of Responsible Official and Planned Corrective Action: Historic South acknowledges this finding is the same as reported in 2024. Although the corrective actions identified in the prior year’s audit were implemented, they were not fully in place during most of the period covered by the current audit. As a result, the transactions tested during the 2025 audit occurred before the corrective measures became effective. Corrective measures implemented include policies and procedures designed to strengthen its procurement and contracting processes. These include: 1. Requiring the solicitation of multiple bids for all construction work in excess of $10,000 2. Establishing criteria for awarding all construction work 3. Implementing formal contracting processes for all construction work Management believes these corrective actions address the deficiencies identified and expects them to be fully effective for construction activities occurring after implementation.

Finding: 2025-002 Procurement, Suspension and Debarment Federal Agency(ies): United States Department of Defense Federal Program(s): Research and Development Cluster Assistance Listing Number(s): 12.300, 12.330 Pass-through Entity (if applicable): Direct awards and pass-through awards from RTI International and Greensight, Inc. Award Identification Number and Year: Various Criteria or Specific Requirement (Including Statutory, Regulatory, or Other Citation): In accordance with 2 CFR 200.317 through 2 CFR 200.327, non-Federal entities are required to maintain documentation sufficient to detail the history of procurement transactions. Such documentation should include, as applicable, the rationale for the method of procurement, contractor selection, basis for contract price, and the basis for any sole-source procurement. Additionally, pursuant to 2 CFR 180 and 2 CFR 200.214, non-Federal entities are prohibited from contracting with or making subawards to parties that are suspended or debarred and should maintain documentation demonstrating that applicable vendors were screened prior to contracting or payment. Condition: As part of our testing of vendor expenditures charged to Federal awards within the Research and Development Cluster, we selected a statistical sample of procurement transactions and noted deficiencies in RoboNation's procurement and suspension and debarment documentation. Specifically, we noted instances in which RoboNation did not consistently document the rationale supporting its selection of vendors charged to Federal awards. In addition, for procurements utilizing a sole-source or noncompetitive procurement methodology, RoboNation did not consistently document which of the allowable exceptions under 2 CFR 200.320 justified the use of noncompetitive procurement. With respect to suspension and debarment requirements, we noted that RoboNation did not consistently maintain evidence that vendors were screened against the System for Award Management (SAM.gov) database prior to contracting or payment. We also identified instances in which SAM.gov screening reports were either undated or dated after execution of the vendor agreement and related payment activity. Cause: RoboNation's policies and procedures for procurement documentation and suspension and debarment compliance were not operating effectively. Specifically, controls were not sufficient to ensure that procurement files contained required support for vendor selection and sole-source procurements, nor were controls adequate to ensure that SAM.gov screenings were completed and documented prior to engaging vendors charged to Federal awards. Effect or Potential Effect: The lack of adequate procurement and suspension and debarment documentation increases the risk that procurement transactions may not comply with Uniform Guidance requirements and that vendors could be selected without sufficient support for the procurement method utilized. Additionally, the lack of timely and documented SAM.gov screenings increases the risk that Federal funds could be expended on vendors that are suspended or debarred from participation in Federally funded programs. Questioned Costs: $437,591 Context: As part of our testing of the Procurement, Suspension, and Debarment compliance requirements for the Research and Development Cluster, we selected a statistical sample of vendor transactions charged to Federal awards during the year ended December 31, 2025. Identification as a Repeat Finding, if Applicable: Yes, repeat of 2024-003. Recommendation: We recommend that management strengthen controls over procurement and suspension and debarment compliance by implementing procedures requiring procurement files to contain documentation supporting vendor selection, the procurement method utilized, and, when applicable, the specific basis for sole-source procurement under Uniform Guidance. In addition, management should establish procedures to ensure that SAM.gov screenings are performed and documented prior to contract execution or payment and that evidence of such screenings is retained within the procurement file.

Criteria An entity must have and use documented procurement policies consistent with Federal, State, and local laws, regulations, and standards for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in 2 CFR § 200.317 through 200.327. For purchases below the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT) but above the micro-purchase threshold, 2 CFR § 200.320(a) requires the non-Federal entity to obtain price or rate quotations from an adequate number of qualified sources. Condition The Program used federal grant funds to pay a single contractor $222,080 in the aggregate for installation services performed at individual homes. As a small purchase under 2 CFR 200.320(a), the procurement required the Program to obtain price or rate quotations from an adequate number of qualified sources. The Program did not solicit or document quotations from more than one source prior to engaging the contractor. Cause The Program was not fully educated on procurement policies when it came to grant funds, so they were not aware that bids or price comparisons were necessary for the purchases. Effect Failure to follow appropriate procurement procedures could result in excess procurement costs being disallowed or subject the entity to possible claims. Recommendation We recommend management adhere to the Federal, State, and local regulations for all procurements using Federally sourced funds by ensuring policies and procedures are documented and followed in accordance with Uniform Guidance requirements. Management's Response Management agrees with our recommendation and finding and will work to adhere to all applicable procurement policies. Questioned Costs None. Although the Program did not follow the required competitive procurement procedures for this contractor, the costs incurred were reasonable and allowable under the terms of the Federal award and applicable cost principles. The deficiency relates to noncompliance with procurement standards, not to the propriety of the costs themselves; accordingly, no costs are questioned.

Finding 2025-005 Noncompliance over Procurement Significant deficiency/ Noncompliance Criteria: The Organization should establish and maintain written procurement procedures to ensure that purchases and contracts supported by federal awards are conducted in accordance with applicable federal procurement standards, including required full and open competition and required methods of procurement. The Uniform Guidance procurement standards are contained in 2 CFR Part 200, Subpart D, §§ 200.317–200.327 generally, including 2 CFR § 200.319 (Competition) and 2 CFR § 200.320 (Methods of procurement to be followed). Condition and Context: During our testing of the Organization’s procurement compliance requirements, we noted two contracts that should have been procured using competitive bidding; however, the Organization did not complete competitive bidding for these contracts. Cause: The Organization did not have sufficient procedures in place to ensure that procurement actions were consistently evaluated for required competitive procurement methods and that compliance with applicable procurement requirements was documented and reviewed prior to contract award. Effect: Failure to follow applicable competitive procurement requirements may result in noncompliance with federal procurement standards and may increase the risk that contracts are awarded without maximizing open and free competition. In addition, inadequate procurement documentation reduces management’s ability to demonstrate that procurement actions are conducted in accordance with applicable requirements. Questioned Costs: None noted. Repeat Finding: This is not a repeat finding. Recommendation: Management should establish or strengthen procurement policies and procedures to ensure that contracts subject to competitive procurement requirements are competitively bid and that procurement actions are appropriately documented. Such procedures may include developing standardized procurement checklists, requiring supervisory review of procurement method selection and documentation prior to contract award, and providing periodic training to staff responsible for procurement. Management Response: Management concurs with this finding. See Corrective Action Plan.

Assistance Listing Number: 93.193 Name of Federal Program: Urban Indian Health Services; COVID-19 Urban Indian Health Services Name of Federal Agency: Department of Health and Human Services Award Period: January 1, 2025 – December 31, 2025 Criteria or Specific Requirement: Per 2 CFR Part 200, non-federal entities receiving federal awards must establish and maintain written policies and procedures addressing areas including, but not limited to: procurement (§200.317–§200.327); travel costs (§200.475); methods for avoiding duplication of costs (§200.403); subrecipient monitoring (§200.332); cash management and allowable costs (§200.302, §200.305). Condition: The organization has not implemented all policies and procedures required under the Uniform Guidance. Specifically, certain written policies and procedures required by 2 CFR Part 200, such as cash management, allowability of costs, equipment management, conflict of interest, procurement, travel, compensation, and fringe benefits, were either incomplete, not formally documented, or not in place during the audit period. Cause: Due to timing constraints and a small staff size, the Council has not detailed its policies to conform with the requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Effect or Potential Effect: Without documented and implemented policies and procedures, the organization increases the risk of noncompliance with federal regulations, inconsistent application of requirements, unallowable costs being charged to federal awards, and potential questioned costs or sanctions from funding agencies. Repeat Finding: Yes, this is a repeat of Finding 2024-003. Recommendation: Management should develop, formally adopt, and implement all required Uniform Guidance policies and procedures. Policies should be documented, communicated to relevant staff, and periodically reviewed to ensure ongoing compliance. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding and revise its policies and procedures to meet the criteria of the Uniform Guidance.

Subject: COVID-19 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds - Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Federal Agency: Department of Treasury Federal Program: COVID-19 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Assistance Listing Number: 21.027 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): CY2025 Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Material Weakness Criteria: Federal regulations 2 CFR section 200.318 through 200.327 and 2 CFR 180.300 require the City to: 200 CFR.318 (a): The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards of this section, for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The non-Federal entity's documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327. 200 CFR.320 (b-c) states in part: Formal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal financial assistance award exceeds the SAT, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are required. Formal procurement methods require the following documented procedures. Formal procurement methods also require public advertising unless a non-competitive procurement can be used in accordance with § 200.319 or paragraph (c) of this section. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement of property or services above the simplified acquisition threshold or a value below the simplified acquisition threshold the non-Federal entity determines to be appropriate: (1) Sealed bids. A procurement method in which bids are publicly solicited and a firm fixed-price contract (lump sum or unit price) is awarded to the responsible bidder whose bid, conforming with all the material terms and conditions of the invitation for bids, is the lowest in price. (2) Proposals. A procurement method in which either a fixed price or cost-reimbursement type contract is awarded. Proposals are generally used when conditions are not appropriate for the use of sealed bids. (3) Noncompetitive procurement. There are specific circumstances in which noncompetitive procurement can be used. Noncompetitive procurement can only be awarded if one or more of the following circumstances apply: (1) The acquisition of property or services, the aggregate dollar amount of which does not exceed the micro-purchase threshold (see paragraph (a)(1) of this section); (2) The item is available only from a single source; (3) The public exigency or emergency for the requirement will not permit a delay resulting from publicizing a competitive solicitation; (4) The Federal awarding agency or pass-through entity expressly authorizes a noncompetitive procurement in response to a written request from the non-Federal entity; or (5) After solicitation of a number of sources, competition is determined inadequate Finding 2025-001 (Continued) Criteria (Continued) 2 CFR 180.300 states: "When you enter into a covered transaction with another person at the next lower tier, you must verify that the person with whom you intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified. You do this by: (a) Checking SAM Exclusions; or (b) Collecting a certification from that person; or (c) Adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person.” Condition: An effective system of internal controls was not in place at the City to ensure compliance with requirements related to the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement. Cause: Management had not established and implemented a system of internal controls and written procedures to ensure compliance with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement, including the use of formal procurement methods when required and documenting suspension and debarment verification for applicable contracts. Effect: The failure to design and implement an effective system of internal controls enabled noncompliance with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement to occur and go undetected. Noncompliance with the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement could have resulted in questioned costs or the loss of federal funds to the City. Questioned Costs: There were no questioned costs identified. Context: There was one procurement selected for testing for which The City did not follow federal procurement requirements for a professional services contract totaling approximately $442,200, which exceeded the City's small purchase threshold of $10,000. The City contracted with a firm to perform the design services for the Ohio River Greenway Trail Design Project; however, a formal procurement method was not used for the purchase as required by the federal procurement requirements outlined in 2 CFR § 200.320. Additionally, for the same contract, representing the procurement selected for testing, the City did not document that it verified the contractor was not suspended or debarred from participation in federal award programs prior to awarding the contract exceeding $25,000, as required by 2 CFR § 180.300. Identification as a repeat finding, if applicable: No. Recommendation: We recommend that the City's management establish and implement written federal procurement policies to supplement its organizational policies and develop a system of internal controls and written procedures to ensure compliance with grant agreement requirements and the Procurement and Suspension and Debarment compliance requirement. We further recommend that management document the use of the appropriate procurement method and perform and retain documentation of suspension and debarment verification for all covered transactions. Views of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Actions: Management agrees with the finding and has prepared a corrective action plan.

Condition 2025-02 The Organization did not have written procedures for determining the allowability of costs charged to Federal awards. In addition, the Organization did not have documented procurement policies and procedures governing procurement transactions under Federal awards. Criteria 2 CFR Section 200.302(b)(7) requires a recipient or subrecipient's financial management system to provide for written procedures for determining the allowability of costs in accordance with Subpart E of 2 CFR Part 200 and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. 2 CFR Section 200.318(a) requires a recipient or subrecipient to maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award. The procedures must conform to applicable Federal, State, and local laws and regulations and the standards identified in 2 CFR Sections 200.317 through 200.327. Cause The Organization had not established and implemented formal written policies and procedures to govern Federal award expenditures and procurement activities. Effect The absence of written allowable cost and procurement procedures increases the risk that Federal funds may be used for costs that are not allowable under the terms and conditions of the Federal award or that procurement transactions may not comply with applicable Federal requirements. Recommendation We recommend that the Organization establish, document, and implement written procedures for determining the allowability of costs charged to Federal awards. We also recommend that the Organization establish and implement documented procurement procedures addressing, at a minimum, procurement methods, competition requirements, contractor selection and evaluation, cost and price analysis, contractor responsibility, conflicts of interest, suspension and debarment, applicable contract provisions, procurement records, and other requirements applicable to Federal awards. Views of Responsible Officials In 2026, written procedures governing the allowability of costs charged to Federal awards and procurement activities involving Federal funds were developed, documented, and implemented. Responsibility for implementing and maintaining these procedures has been assigned to the Finance Department. The procedures address applicable Federal requirements for determining allowable costs and procurement activities and will be reviewed periodically and updated as necessary to maintain compliance with applicable Federal requirements.

Finding 2025-004: Procurement Material Noncompliance and Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance Federal Program: Health Center Program (Assistance Listing 93.224) Criteria: Federal procurement standards require non-Federal entities to maintain procurement records sufficient to detail the history of the procurement, including the rationale for the method of procurement, contractor selection, and the basis for contract price. Micro-purchases may be awarded without soliciting competitive quotations only if the non-Federal entity considers the price to be reasonable. Small purchase procedures require price or rate quotations from an adequate number of qualified sources. Noncompetitive (sole-source) procurements may be used only in limited circumstances and must be supported by documentation demonstrating the applicable justification. Additionally, management is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal controls to provide reasonable assurance that procurement transactions comply with applicable federal requirements. Condition: Management represented that the procurement method is identified and documented for purchases charged to federal programs. However, the Organization does not have a formal review and approval process to verify that the procurement method selected is appropriate, adequately supported, and documented in accordance with federal procurement requirements. During testing of 68 procurement transactions charged to the Health Center Program, we noted the following exceptions: Thirteen procurements were identified as sole-source procurements; however, no documentation was maintained to support the use of the noncompetitive procurement method or demonstrate that one of the allowable sole-source criteria was met. Sixteen procurements were identified as micro-purchases; however, no documentation was maintained to support price reasonableness or demonstrate that the aggregate procurement transaction qualified for micro-purchase treatment. Thirty-six procurements were identified as micro-purchases; however, based on the aggregate value of purchases with the vendor, the procurements exceeded the micro-purchase threshold and should have been procured using, at a minimum, small purchase procedures requiring price or rate quotations from an adequate number of qualified sources. Cause: Management has not established a formal review and approval process to verify the accuracy of procurement method determinations or ensure procurement documentation is maintained in accordance with federal requirements. As a result, purchases are not consistently evaluated for aggregation, price reasonableness, competitive procurement requirements, or sole-source justification prior to being charged to the federal program. Effect: Because procurement methods are not subject to an effective review and approval process, there is an increased risk that purchases may not be procured using the method required under federal regulations or may lack sufficient supporting documentation. Consequently, the Organization cannot demonstrate compliance with federal procurement requirements, including requirements related to competition, price reasonableness, and sole-source procurements. Questioned Costs: Undeterminable. Although the purchases were supported by invoices and were recorded as program expenditures, management did not maintain sufficient documentation to support the procurement method utilized or compliance with applicable procurement requirements. As a result, we could not determine the amount of federal expenditures, if any, that would have been different had the procurements been conducted in accordance with federal procurement standards. Context: During our testing of 68 procurement transactions charged to the Health Center Program, 65 transactions were identified with procurement documentation deficiencies. Exceptions included unsupported sole-source procurements, micro-purchases lacking documentation of price reasonableness, and purchases classified as micro-purchases that exceeded the applicable threshold when evaluated in the aggregate and should have been subject to more stringent procurement procedures. These exceptions indicate a systemic deficiency in controls over procurement method determinations, documentation, review, and approval. Repeat Finding: This is not a repeat finding. Recommendation: We recommend management implement formal procedures requiring review and approval of procurement method determinations before purchases are charged to federal programs. Procedures should include documenting aggregate purchase evaluations, retaining evidence supporting price reasonableness for micro-purchases, obtaining and retaining required quotations for small purchases, documenting any sole-source justification, and maintaining procurement records sufficient to support compliance with federal procurement requirements. Management should also implement an independent review process to verify that procurement documentation is complete and the procurement method selected is appropriate and compliant with federal regulations. Management Response: Management concurs with the finding. The Organization recognizes that procurement procedures and related documentation requirements were not consistently followed and that adequate controls were not in place to ensure compliance with federal procurement standards. Management will conduct a comprehensive review of procurement policies and procedures and will implement formal review requirements for procurement method determinations. To support these efforts, management is hiring a Purchasing Coordinator who will be responsible for all aspects of the Organization’s procurement function and for ensuring that all purchases are conducted in accordance with the Organization’s written procurement policies and the procurement standards of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Uniform Guidance (2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327). Additional procedures will require documentation of price reasonableness, competitive quotations, sole-source justifications, and aggregate vendor purchase evaluations, as applicable. The Purchasing Coordinator will determine and document the appropriate procurement method for each purchase, obtain and retain required quotations, and maintain complete procurement files for all purchases charged to federal awards. Personnel involved in purchasing activities will receive additional training on Uniform Guidance procurement requirements, and management will implement monitoring procedures to verify compliance on an ongoing basis. To maintain appropriate segregation of duties, the Accounting Department will independently review procurement files before payment to verify that documentation is complete and that the selected procurement method is appropriate and compliant with federal requirements.

Department of Energy and Passed through Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy Federal Financial Assistance Listing 81.254, 2025-150224869 Grid Infrastructure Deployment and Resilience Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Compliance and Material Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform procurement standards in sections 200.317 through 200.327. 2 CFR 200 Appendix II requires certain provisions be included in contracts if criteria are applicable. Additionally, 2 CFR 200.214 requires recipients to restrict the subawards and contract with certain parties that are debarred, suspended, or excluded from ineligible participation in Federal assistance programs or activities. Condition: Testing of expenditures under the federal program identified opportunities to strengthen the District’s procurement and vendor compliance documentation practices. Specifically: -The District has not formalized and adopted a written procurement policy. - In two instances involving covered transactions exceeding $25,000, documentation was not retained to demonstrate that a verification was performed to confirm the vendor was not suspended or debarred from participation in federally funded programs. - In two instances, supporting documentation was not maintained to demonstrate the procurement method utilized and the basis for vendor selection. Cause: Covered transactions were not evaluated compared to Uniform Guidance as it relates to procurement methods and suspension and debarment. Effect: Ineffective controls over this area of compliance could result in a reasonable possibility the District would be noncompliant with the compliance requirements outlined above. Additionally, the District may enter into a covered transaction with a vendor that is suspended or debarred. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context/Sampling: A nonstatistical sample of 2 out of 5 vendors were selected for testing. Repeat Finding from Prior Year: No Recommendation: We recommend the District implement a procurement policy that complies with Uniform Guidance. In addition, we suggest that management implement procedures and control processes related to the review of covered transactions to ensure the procurement methods are being followed and any contracts include the required Uniform Guidance provisions. Also, management should ensure vendors are not suspended or debarred from doing business with the federal government prior to entering into work with the vendor. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

FINDING 2025-003 Subject: Drinking Water State Revolving Fund – Procurement Federal Agency: Environmental Protection Agency Federal Program: Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Assistance Listings Number: 66.468 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): DW24312502 Pass-Through Entity: Indiana Finance Authority Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Material Weakness, Modified Opinion Condition and Context The City had not properly designed or implemented a system of internal controls, which would include appropriate segregation of duties, that would likely be effective in preventing, or detecting and correcting, noncompliance for the acquisition of property and services. The City expended federal funds to pay five separate vendors to provide goods and services for the duration of the City's Lead Service Line Replacement project. One vendor was identified with contract amount or aggregated total of expenditures that exceeded the simplified acquisition threshold of $150,000. The vendor was tested, and the City did not have documented procurement procedures or polices used to procure engineering and design services. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must: (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in 'Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government' issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the 'Internal Control Integrated Framework', issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). . . ." 2 CFR 200.320 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and §§ 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the following methods of procurement used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or sub-award. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 17 CITY OF ROCHESTER SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) (a) Informal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal award does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), as defined in § 200.1, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are not required. The non-Federal entity may use informal procurement methods to expedite the completion of its transactions and minimize the associated administrative burden and cost. The informal methods used for procurement of property or services at or below the SAT include: . . . (2) Small purchases– (i) Small purchase procedures. The acquisition of property or services, the aggregate dollar amount of which is higher than the micro-purchase threshold but does not exceed the simplified acquisition threshold. If small purchase procedures are used, price or rate quotations must be obtained from an adequate number of qualified sources as determined appropriate by the non-Federal entity. . . . (b) Formal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal financial assistance award exceeds the SAT, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are required. Formal procurement methods require following documented procedures. Formal procurement methods also require public advertising unless a non-competitive procurement can be used in accordance with § 200.319 or paragraph (c) of this section. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement of property or services above the simplified acquisition threshold or a value below the simplified acquisition threshold the non-Federal entity determines to be appropriate: (1) Sealed bids. A procurement method in which bids are publicly solicited and a firm fixed-price contract (lump sum or unit price) is awarded to the responsible bidder whose bid, conforming with all the material terms and conditions of the invitation for bids, is the lowest in price. The sealed bids method is the preferred method for procuring construction, if the conditions. (i) In order for sealed bidding to be feasible, the following conditions should be present: (A) A complete, adequate, and realistic specification or purchase description is available; (B) Two or more responsible bidders are willing and able to compete effectively for the business; and (C) The procurement lends itself to a firm fixed price contract and the selection of the successful bidder can be made principally on the basis of price. (ii) If sealed bids are used, the following requirements apply: (A) Bids must be solicited from an adequate number of qualified sources, providing them sufficient response time prior to the date set for opening the bids, for local, and tribal governments, the invitation for bids must be publicly advertised; INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 18 CITY OF ROCHESTER SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) (B) The invitation for bids, which will include any specifications and pertinent attachments, must define the items or services in order for the bidder to properly respond; (C) All bids will be opened at the time and place prescribed in the invitation for bids, and for local and tribal governments, the bids must be opened publicly; (D) A firm fixed price contract award will be made in writing to the lowest responsive and responsible bidder. Where specified in bidding documents, factors such as discounts, transportation cost, and life cycle costs must be considered in determining which bid is lowest. Payment discounts will only be used to determine the low bid when prior experience indicates that such discounts are usually taken advantage of; and (E) Any or all bids may be rejected if there is a sound documented reason. (2) Proposals. A procurement method in which either a fixed price or costreimbursement type contract is awarded. Proposals are generally used when conditions are not appropriate for the use of sealed bids. They are awarded in accordance with the following requirements: (i) Requests for proposals must be publicized and identify all evaluation factors and their relative importance. Proposals must be solicited from an adequate number of qualified offerors. Any response to publicized requests for proposals must be considered to the maximum extent practical; (ii) The non-Federal entity must have a written method for conducting technical evaluations of the proposals received and making selections; (iii) Contracts must be awarded to the responsible offeror whose proposal is most advantageous to the non-Federal entity, with price and other factors considered; and (iv) The non-Federal entity may use competitive proposal procedures for qualifications-based procurement of architectural/engineering (A/E) professional services whereby offeror's qualifications are evaluated and the most qualified offeror is selected, subject to negotiation of fair and reasonable compensation. The method, where price is not used as a selection factor, can only be used in procurement of A/E professional services. It cannot be used to purchase other types of services though A/E firms that are a potential source to perform the proposed effort." Cause The City did not develop effective internal controls to ensure the appropriate procedures were followed when procuring with federal funding and were not aware of the need to follow federal guidelines for procurement expenditures associated with the SRF awards. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 19 CITY OF ROCHESTER SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Effect Without the proper implementation of an effectively designed system of internal controls, the internal control system cannot be capable of effectively preventing, or detecting and correcting, material noncompliance. As a result, proper procurement procedures were not adhered to for all vendors. Without following the required methods for procurement, the City could be overpaying for services. Noncompliance with the provisions of federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award could result in the loss of future federal funds to the City. Questioned Costs There were no questioned costs identified. Recommendation We recommended that the City's management establish a proper system of internal controls to ensure expenditures made from federal awards use the appropriate procurement method and retain the documentation to support the procurement methods used in order to ensure compliance with the grant agreement and the Procurement compliance requirements. Views of Responsible Officials For the views of responsible officials, refer to the Corrective Action Plan that is part of this report. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 20

Assistance Listing Number: 93.193 Name of Federal Program: Urban Indian Health Services; COVID-19 Urban Indian Health Services Name of Federal Agency: Department of Health and Human Services Award Period: January 1, 2025 – December 31, 2025 Criteria or Specific Requirement: Per 2 CFR Part 200, non-federal entities receiving federal awards must establish and maintain written policies and procedures addressing areas including, but not limited to: procurement (§200.317–§200.327); travel costs (§200.475); methods for avoiding duplication of costs (§200.403); subrecipient monitoring (§200.332); cash management and allowable costs (§200.302, §200.305). Condition: The organization has not implemented all policies and procedures required under the Uniform Guidance. Specifically, certain written policies and procedures required by 2 CFR Part 200, such as cash management, allowability of costs, equipment management, conflict of interest, procurement, travel, compensation, and fringe benefits, were either incomplete, not formally documented, or not in place during the audit period. Cause: Due to timing constraints and a small staff size, the Council has not detailed its policies to conform with the requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Effect or Potential Effect: Without documented and implemented policies and procedures, the organization increases the risk of noncompliance with federal regulations, inconsistent application of requirements, unallowable costs being charged to federal awards, and potential questioned costs or sanctions from funding agencies. Repeat Finding: Yes, this is a repeat of Finding 2024-003. Recommendation: Management should develop, formally adopt, and implement all required Uniform Guidance policies and procedures. Policies should be documented, communicated to relevant staff, and periodically reviewed to ensure ongoing compliance. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding and revise its policies and procedures to meet the criteria of the Uniform Guidance.

Criteria or Specific Requirement – Management is required to ensure that there are sufficient internal controls in place over program purchasing. This includes use of the Authority’s own documented procurement procedures which reflect applicable state and local law regulations, provided that the procurements conform to applicable federal law and standards. As well as, internal controls that ensure that documentation is maintained to support compliance with the procurement policy. Conditions – The Authority has a formalized procurement policy (the policy). However, the policy does not conform to applicable standards under Uniform Guidance because it does not include procedures to ensure the Authority does not enter into covered transactions with entities that are debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded. We noted during our testing that there was limited documentation of the Authority's procedures for verifying that an entity with which it plans to enter into a covered transaction is not debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded. Context – During our testing of procurement, we sampled eight expenditures totaling $641,520 consisting of transactions with three companies. We noted that four of the selections with one company totaling $250,774 did not have SAMS.gov verification or compliance certification documentation. However, as part of our audit procedures, we determined that the expenditures were made with contractors which were not suspended or disbarred and were approved on the SAMS.gov website. Cause – Procurement policy was not sufficient to ensure full compliance. Effect or Potential Effect – The use of non-approved vendors could have occurred. However, as part of our audit procedures, we determined that the expenditures were made with contractors which were not suspended or disbarred and were approved on the SAMS.gov website. Recommendation – We recommend that management strengthen their formal procurement policy using the guidance of 2 CFR 200.317 –200.327. Additionally, management should follow this policy when procuring services or property and maintain the related documentation. Views of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Actions – Management agrees with the finding. Management is in the process of reviewing and revising its policies.

Finding 2025-001: Procurement – Significant Deficiency Assistance Listing Number: 12.632 Criteria: 2 CFR Section 200.318 requires that the non-federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with state, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards of this section, for the acquisition of property or services required under a federal award or subaward. The non-federal entity’s documented procurement procedures must conform to the procurement standard identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327 and must be adhered to. Condition: During testing of the Institute’s controls over procurement and compliance with procurement requirements, we identified instances where the Institute did not have all the needed documentation around the procurement process. Cause: The Institute did not have formal written procurement policies and procedures during the year to ensure compliance with applicable Federal procurement requirements. Effect: The Institute was not fully compliant with the procurement requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Questioned costs: None Repeat Finding: No. Recommendation: We recommend the Institute review its current processes and controls over procurement to ensure all required documentation is retained and available and implement a formal written procurement policy. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding. See Corrective Action Plan.

Department of Energy, Federal Financial Assistance Listing 81.254, DE-GD0000886, 2025 Grid Infrastructure Deployment and Resilience Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance and Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform procurement standards to sections 200.317 through 200.327. 2 CFR 200 Appendix II requires certain provisions to be included in contracts if criteria are applicable. Additionally, 2 CFR 200.214 requires recipients to restrict the subawards and contract with certain parties that are debarred, suspended, or excluded from ineligible participation in Federal assistance programs or activities. Condition: Testing of procurement activities and related controls identified the following exceptions: • The Cooperative's documented procurement policy did not include several elements required by Uniform Guidance. • One contract tested did not contain all applicable Uniform Guidance contract provisions. • In one instance involving a contract exceeding $25,000, the Cooperative did not document a review to verify that the vendor was not suspended or debarred from participation in federal programs. Cause: The Cooperative had not established procedures to periodically evaluate its procurement policy and procurement documentation for compliance with Uniform Guidance requirements, including required contract provisions, documentation of procurement decisions, and suspension and debarment verification procedures. Effect: Failure to maintain effective controls over procurement activities increases the risk of noncompliance with federal procurement requirements. As a result, the Cooperative may enter into contracts that do not contain required federal provisions, fail to adequately document procurement decisions, or engage in covered transactions with vendors that are suspended or debarred from participation in federally funded programs. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context/Sampling: Sampling was not used. Repeat Finding from Prior Year: No Recommendation: We recommend that the Cooperative update its procurement policy to incorporate all applicable Uniform Guidance requirements. Management should also establish and implement procedures to: • Verify and document suspension and debarment reviews for all applicable covered transactions. • Review contracts prior to execution to ensure all required Uniform Guidance contract provisions are included. • Maintain documentation evidencing compliance with federal procurement requirements. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

Finding 2025-001 –Procurement , Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform to the procurement standards in sections 200.317 through 200.327. These standards generally require recipients to maintain records sufficient to detail the history of procurement, including the rationale for the procurement method, selection of contract type, contractor selection or rejection, and the basis for the contract price. Condition: Testing of the federal program identified the following: • The Organization failed to document price comparisons including the rationale or circumstances leading up to the selection of the non-competitive sole source procurement. The Organization did follow through with the suspension and debarment check of the contracted vendor. Cause: The Organization lacked adequate documentation of procurement decisions being reached during the initial project funding phase. Effect/Potential Effect: Ineffective controls over this area of compliance could result in a reasonable possibility the Organization would be noncompliant with the compliance requirements outlined above. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context / Sampling: A statistical sample of 1 out of 3 vendors selected for testing.

Criteria - Under 2 CFR § 200.318(a), a recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward, including for the acquisition of property or services. The documented procurement procedures must be consistent with applicable state, local, and tribal laws and regulations and with the procurement standards identified in 2 CFR §§ 200.317 through 200.327. The Uniform Guidance procurement compliance requirement also contemplates that recipients establish and follow written procurement procedures that conform to applicable Federal statutes and the procurement requirements identified in 2 CFR Part 200.9. Condition - During our audit of the Clean Water State Revolving Fund program for the year ended December 31, 2025, we noted that the Authority had informal procurement practices in place for purchases charged to Federal awards; however, the Authority did not maintain formal written procurement procedures applicable to procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward. Cause - Management indicated that the Authority historically relied on informal procurement practices and institutional knowledge of staff responsible for purchasing activities. The Authority had not developed and formally approved written procurement procedures specifically addressing the Uniform Guidance procurement standards applicable to Federal awards. Effect or Potential Effect - Without documented procurement procedures, there is an increased risk that procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward may not be performed consistently or in accordance with applicable procurement requirements. The absence of written procedures also increases the risk that personnel responsible for procurement may not consistently apply required procurement methods, obtain appropriate competition, document contractor selection decisions, perform required suspension and debarment checks, or retain sufficient documentation to support compliance. Although no questioned costs were identified as a result of the procedures performed, the lack of documented procedures represents a deficiency in the design of internal control over compliance because informal practices and reliance on external engineer review alone do not provide formal, consistent internal guidance to ensure ongoing compliance with Federal procurement requirements. Questioned Costs - None identified Recommendation - We recommend that management develop, formally approve, and implement written procurement procedures that comply with the Uniform Guidance procurement standards in 2 CFR §§ 200.317 through 200.327. At a minimum, the written procedures should address: • Procurement methods and applicable dollar thresholds; • Requirements for full and open competition; • Required approvals before procurement transactions are initiated or awarded; • Documentation requirements supporting the history of each procurement transaction;• Standards of conduct and conflict-of-interest requirements for employees involved in procurement decisions; • Procedures for verifying suspension and debarment status, when applicable; • Requirements for cost or price analysis, when applicable; • Contractor selection and contract administration procedures; • Record retention requirements; and • Monitoring procedures to ensure the written procurement procedures are consistently followed.

FINDING 2025-005 Subject: COVID-19 - Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds - Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Federal Agency: Department of the Treasury Federal Program: COVID-19 - Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Assistance Listings Number: 21.027 Federal Award Number and Year (or Other Identifying Number): FY2021 Compliance Requirement: Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Audit Findings: Material Weakness, Modified Opinion INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 21 FLOYD COUNTY SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Condition and Context Procurement When the value of the procurement for property or services exceeds the simplified acquisition threshold (SAT), or a lower threshold established by a nonfederal entity, formal procurement methods are required. The SAT is typically set at $250,000. However, Indiana Code 5-22-8 has a more restrictive threshold; and, therefore, the threshold for the SAT is set at $150,000. Formal procurement methods require adherence to documented procedures and formal methods such as sealed bids or proposals. Two vendors were identified that fell within the SAT, with total purchases of $1,401,188. A review of the procurement files revealed that the County did not solicit, receive, or retain sealed bids or competitive proposals for these contracts. While the project awards were documented within the Board of County Commissioners' meeting minutes, the formal competitive process, public advertisements, and underlying evaluation metrics were completely absent from the record. Suspension and Debarment Prior to entering into subawards and covered transactions with the COVID-19 - Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF), recipients are required to verify that such contractors and subrecipients are not suspended, debarred, or otherwise excluded. "Covered transactions" include, but are not limited to, contracts for goods and services awarded under a nonprocurement transaction (i.e., grant agreement) that are expected to equal or exceed $25,000. The verification is to be done by checking the Excluded Parties List System (EPLS), collecting a certification from that person, or adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person. The County's procedure to verify the vendor was not suspended or debarred was not always implemented or effective. A population of four covered transactions totaling $1,816,421 met or exceeded the $25,000 threshold and was paid using the SLFRF allocations. All four covered transactions were selected for testing, and the County failed to provide documentation to support that it performed any of the mandatory verification procedures prior to entering into the agreements or issuing payments to the contractors. The lack of internal controls and noncompliance were systemic issues throughout the audit period. Criteria 2 CFR 200.303 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must: (a) Establish and maintain effective internal control over the Federal award that provides reasonable assurance that the non-Federal entity is managing the Federal award in compliance with Federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the Federal award. These internal controls should be in compliance with guidance in 'Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government' issued by the Comptroller General of the United States or the 'Internal Control Integrated Framework', issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). . . ." INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 22 FLOYD COUNTY SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) 2 CFR 200.320 states in part: "The non-Federal entity must have and use documented procurement procedures, consistent with the standards of this section and §§ 200.317, 200.318, and 200.319 for any of the following methods of procurement used for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or sub-award. . . . (b) Formal procurement methods. When the value of the procurement for property or services under a Federal financial assistance awards exceeds the SAT, or a lower threshold established by a non-Federal entity, formal procurement methods are required. Formal procurement methods require following documented procedures. Formal procurement methods also require public advertising unless a non-competitive procurement can be used in accordance with § 200.319 or paragraph (c) of this section. The following formal methods of procurement are used for procurement of property or services above the simplified acquisition threshold or a value below the simplified acquisition threshold the non-Federal entity determines to be appropriate: (1) Sealed bids. A procurement method in which bids are publicly solicited and a firm fixed-price contract (lump sum or unit price) is awarded to the responsible bidder whose bid, conforming with all the material terms and conditions of the invitation for bids, is the lowest in price. The sealed bids method is the preferred method for procuring construction, if the conditions. . . . (2) Proposals. A procurement method in which either a fixed price or cost-reimbursement type contract is awarded. Proposals are generally used when conditions are not appropriate for the use of sealed bids. They are awarded in accordance with the following requirements: . . ." 31 CFR 19.300 states: "When you enter into a covered transaction with another person at the next lower tier, you must verify that the person with whom you intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified. You do this by: (a) Checking the EPLS; or (b) Collecting a certification from that person if allowed by this rule; or (c) Adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person." Cause A proper system of internal controls over procurement and suspension and debarment was not implemented by the management of the County to ensure that goods and services were properly procured and that vendors to whom payment equaled or exceeded $25,000 were not suspended or debarred. The County was unable to provide documentation to demonstrate they had properly procured and verified that contractors were neither suspended nor debarred, or otherwise excluded or disqualified, from participating in federal assistance programs or activities. INDIANA STATE BOARD OF ACCOUNTS 23 FLOYD COUNTY SCHEDULE OF FINDINGS AND QUESTIONED COSTS (Continued) Effect Without the proper implementation of an effectively designed system of internal controls, the internal control system cannot be capable of effectively preventing, or detecting and correcting, material noncompliance. As a result, property and services were not properly procured and vendors to whom payments equal to or in excess of $25,000 were not verified to be not suspended, debarred, or otherwise excluded. Any program funds the County used to pay vendors that have been suspended or debarred would be unallowable, and the funding agency could potentially recover them. Noncompliance with the provisions of federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award could result in the loss of future federal funding to the County. Questioned Costs There were no questioned costs identified. Recommendation We recommended that management of the County establish a proper system of internal controls and develop procedures to ensure that property and services are properly procured and that contractors are not suspended, debarred, or otherwise excluded prior to entering into any contracts or subawards. Views of Responsible Officials For the views of responsible officials, refer to the Corrective Action Plan that is part of this report.

Department of Veteran Affairs FFAL #64.033, 20-SD-136-25, 10/1/2024 – 12/31/2025 FFAL #64.033, 20-SD-136-26, 10/1/2025 – 9/30/2026 VA Supportive Services for Veteran Families Program Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance and Material Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform with procurement standards in sections 200.317 through 200.327. Additionally, 2 CFR 200.214 requires recipients to restrict making contracts with certain parties that are debarred, suspended, or excluded from participating in Federal awards. Condition: Testing of the federal program identified the following: a. The Organization’s formally documented procurement policy is missing one required element as it relates to domestic preferences (2 CFR 200.322). b. Two lease agreements were entered into where the Organization did not follow the procurement process as detailed in the procurement policy. The lease agreements with the vendors were also missing a required contract provision in accordance with Uniform Guidance and there was no review performed by the Organization to ensure the vendors were not suspended or debarred as the lease agreements with the vendors were over $25,000. Cause: Individuals with key roles over compliance reporting were not involved in the Organization’s compliance reporting activities for the full year. Contract provisions were not evaluated compared to Uniform Guidance contract requirements. Lease agreements entered into were not evaluated in accordance with Uniform Guidance as it relates to suspension and debarment. Effect: Ineffective controls over this area of compliance could result in a reasonable possibility the Organization would be noncompliant with the compliance requirements outlined above. Additionally, the Organization may enter into a covered transaction with a vendor that is suspended or debarred. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context/Sampling: A nonstatistical sample of 2 out of 4 vendors were selected for testing. Repeat Finding from Prior Year: No Recommendation: We recommend the Organization update their procurement policy to ensure it includes the required elements as it relates to domestic preference. In addition, we suggest that management implement procedures and control processes related to the review of contracts to ensure the procurement methods are being followed, documentation is being retained, and that the contracts include the required Uniform Guidance provisions. Also, management should ensure vendors are not suspended or debarred from doing business with the federal government. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

2025-004 Procurement Policy Criteria: Under 2 CFR §200.318 through 200.327, General Procurement Standards, a non-federal entity must use and document procurement procedures for the acquisition of property or services required under a federal award or subaward. Additionally, the non-federal entity must include policies and procedures related to competition, informal and formal procurement methods, and noncompetitive procurement known as sole source. 2 CFR §200.214, Suspension and Debarment, requires entities to verify that vendors are not suspended or debarred from participating in federal funds. Condition: There is no evidence of a documented formal procurement policy with regards to federal grant awards and expenditures; no documented support that a competitive price analysis for vendors and organizations funded with federal grant funds were performed; and no evidence that suspension and debarment verifications were performed for certain vendors and organizations, as required by the general procurement standards of the Uniform Guidance. Context: We tested all procurement transactions totaling $863,741. All transactions tested lacked documentation to demonstrate compliance with the applicable procurement requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Cause: Management had not established and formally adopted procurement policies and procedures consistent with Uniform Guidance requirements during the audit year. Effect: Without documented procurement policies, there is an increased risk that procurements may not be conducted in accordance with Federal requirements, resulting in potential noncompliance with the Uniform Guidance. Charges relating to vendor services and sub-awards that were charged to the federal award may not be in accordance with the specific compliance requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Recommendation: We recommend that management develop, formally adopt, and implement written procurement policies and procedures that comply with the procurement standards in 2 CFR §200.317 through 200.327 and provide training to personnel responsible for purchasing. We also recommend the Organization to adopt policies that incorporate the requirements of 2 CFR §200.214 regarding suspension and debarment regulations. We also recommend that a review of all existing vendor contract filed be performed to ensure that the documentation, as required by the Uniform Guidance, is maintained in the files.Views of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Actions: The Organization is in the process of developing a corrective action plan and provide personnel training.

Finding 2025-010 – Procurement (Material Weakness and Noncompliance) Identification of the Federal Program: Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds, ALN 21.027, Department of the Treasury (CRF); Highway Planning and Construction, ALN 20.205, Department of Transportation (HPC). Criteria: 2 CFR 200.317-327 establishes procurement standards for nonfederal entities. This includes different requirements based on the amount of purchases made from the vendor during the year. Specifically, the recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a federal award or subaward, including for acquisition of property or services. Per the City’s Fiscal Policy and Procedures Manual, the small purchase method has a lower threshold of $15,000. All contracts and purchases over $15,000 must be bid. 2 CFR Part 180 requires nonfederal entities to verify that an entity they are entering into a contract with is not suspended or debarred or otherwise excluded. Condition: We selected seven vendors for the two grant programs to test compliance and controls over procurement. Of those seven, it was noted that for five vendors the City did not document the appropriate procurement procedures took place and three were not verified as not being suspended or debarred. Cause: On HPC, the City contracted or accumulated costs for two vendors over the small purchase threshold and did not provide documentation of bid procedures. Also, documentation was not provided that the City ensured the vendor was not suspended or debarred prior to contracting with them. On CRF, the City contracted two vendors over the small purchase threshold and did not provide documentation of bid procedures. And finally, one vendor was disclosed as part of a cooperative purchase agreement but documentation to support the City’s participation in that agreement was not provided. In 4 instances, The City followed state bid law which allows exemptions of certain professional services from requiring a bid. The federal regulations only allow specific circumstances in which a vendor does not have to be competitively procured. These vendors did not meet that criteria. Effect: The City did not have appropriate documentation to support compliance with the procurement, suspension, and debarment requirements. Questioned Costs: HPC - $383,445; CRF - $1,538,000 Recommendation: We recommend the City reinforce its procurement policies for purchases with federal funding through regular training and clear communication to all relevant staff members. Additionally, implementing a periodic review process to ensure compliance with this policy can help prevent future occurrences. Views of Responsible Officials: The City agrees with the finding. See Management’s View and Corrective Action Plan included at the end of the report.

All Funding Sources Significant Deficiency Procurement Criteria An entity must have and use documented procurement policies consistent with Federal, State, and local laws, regulations, and standards for the acquisition of property or services required under a Federal award or subaward. The procedures must conform to the procurement standards identified in CFR § 200.317 through 200.327. Condition The Center maintains specific grant manuals and guidelines as its written policies; however, previous audit identified errors in misapplying grant guidelines among funding sources. A recommendation was made in previous audit to develop a policy that would cover all procurements using Federally sourced funds. A draft policy was developed, but was not approved during the year ended September 30, 2025. Cause The entity has continued to reference specific grant manuals and guidelines as its written procurement policy. Effect Failure to follow appropriate procurement procedures could result in excess procurement costs being disallowed and subject the entity to possible claims. Recommendation We recommend management present the draft to the board, so it can be voted on and put into place. Management's Response Management agrees with our recommendation and the policy was voted on subsequent to year end and put into place.

Finding 2025-001 – Procurement, Non-compliance (Significant Deficiency) Federal programs: Covid-19 Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Criteria: 2 CFR § 200.318(a) requires that the recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documented procurement procedures for procurement transactions under federal awards. These procedures must be consistent with applicable laws and the procurement standards in Sections 200.317 through 200.327. Condition: During our testing of procurement transactions, we noted that the Authority does not have formal, written procurement policies and procedures governing the acquisition of goods and services with federal award funds. Context: Procurement, Suspension and Debarment was identified as a direct and material compliance requirement for the major program. As such, the Uniform Guidance requires the auditee to both design and implement internal controls over compliance, including formal, documented procurement policies. Cause: Management has not developed or implemented formal written policies to address procurement requirements under the Uniform Guidance. Effect: The absence of documented procedures increases the risk that procurement activities are not conducted in accordance with Uniform Guidance requirements. Questioned Costs: None Repeat finding: No Recommendation: We recommend that management develop and implement formal, written procurement policies and procedures that comply with 2 CFR Sections 200.317 through 200.327, which address procurement methods, competition requirements, and documentation standards, and are consistently applied to all procurement transactions under federal awards. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding and the auditors’ recommendation. See Corrective Action Plan at the end of the report.

Department of Treasury, State of Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs, Federal Financial Assistance Listing 21.029, AL192-23-NLC-23-103, AL192-23-NLC-25-104 A, AL192-23-NLC-25-104 B Coronavirus Capital Projects Fund Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Material Weakness in Internal Control over Compliance and Material Noncompliance Criteria: 2 CFR 200.303(a) establishes that the auditee must establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award that provides assurance that the entity is managing the federal award in compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. 2 CFR 200.318 maintains that recipients must have and use documented procurement policies and must conform procurement standards to Uniform Guidance standards in sections 2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327. 2 CFR 200 Appendix II requires certain provisions be included in contracts if criteria are applicable. Additionally, 2 CFR 200.214 requires recipients to restrict the subawards and contract with certain parties that are debarred, suspended, or excluded from ineligible participation in Federal assistance programs or activities. Condition: Testing of the federal program identified the following: • The Entity’s formally documented procurement policy was missing the required elements detailed under Uniform Guidance • Four instances where the Entity did not follow the procurement process and did not have any formal documentation in place with the vendors. • Four instances where the Entity entered into a contract with a vendor over $25,000 and there was no review performed to ensure the vendor was not suspended or debarred. Cause: The Entity was not aware of the federal procurement requirements. Contract provisions were not evaluated compared to Uniform Guidance contract requirements. Contracts entered were not evaluated in accordance with Uniform Guidance as it relates to suspension and debarment. Effect: Ineffective controls over this area of compliance could result in a reasonable possibility the Entity would be noncompliant with the compliance requirements outlined above. Additionally, the Entity may enter into a covered transaction with a vendor that is suspended or debarred. Questioned Costs: None reported. Context/Sampling: A nonstatistical sample of 4 out of 10 vendors were selected for testing. Repeat Finding form Prior Year: No Recommendation: We recommend the Entity update their procurement policy to ensure it includes all the required elements in accordance with Uniform Guidance. In addition, we suggest that management implement procedures and control processes related to the review of procurement to ensure the procurement methods are being followed and documentation is retained to support compliance. Also, management should ensure vendors are not suspended or debarred from doing business with the federal government prior to entering into a procurement transaction. Views of Responsible Officials: Management agrees with the finding.

Assistance Listing, Federal Agency, and Program Name 93.493, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Congressional Directives Federal Award Identification Number and Year CE1HS52674 & CE1HS53568 2025 Pass through Entity N/A Finding Type Material weakness and material noncompliance with laws and regulations Repeat Finding No Criteria The Corporation is required to maintain and follow written procurement procedures that comply with Uniform Guidance procurement standards, including the requirements in 2 CFR 200.317-200.327 regarding procurement methods and documentation of the history of procurement transactions. The Corporation is also required to comply with suspension and debarment requirements, including verification procedures required under 2 CFR 200.212, 2 CFR 200.318(h), 2 CFR 180.300, and 48 CFR 52.209-6. The requirements state that procurements paid with federal funds are supported by documentation showing the method of procurement, the basis for contractor selection, and compliance with suspension and debarment requirements. Condition The Corporation’s procurement and suspension/debarment policies and procedures were not in conformance with Uniform Guidance requirements. In addition, procurement records for the items tested did not contain sufficient documentation to support the procurement method used, the basis for contract selection, or compliance with suspension and debarment requirements. Questioned Costs $1,350,000 If questioned costs are not determinable, description of why known questioned costs were undetermined or otherwise could not be reported N/A Identification of How Questioned Costs Were Computed The questioned costs represent activity reported on the SEFA incurred under contracts not in compliance with federal procurement standards. Context For both contracts tested, no records were available to support the procurement method, contractor selection, or performance of required suspension/debarment verification procedures. Based on the items tested, the issue was not an isolated documentation exception but reflected a control and compliance deficiency affecting the compliance areas of procurement and suspension/debarment. Cause and Effect The Corporation did not have sufficiently developed procurement, suspension, and debarment policies and procedures aligned to Uniform Guidance requirements. As a result, compliance procedures over these areas were not adequately established or performed. Without Uniform Guidance-compliant procurement policies, required procurement history documentation, and evidence of suspension/debarment verification, the Corporation cannot demonstrate that contracts charged to the federal award were procured in accordance with federal requirements. This increases the risk of noncompliance with procurement and suspension/debarment requirements and resulted in material noncompliance over the major program. Recommendation The Corporation should update and formally adopt written procurement, suspension, and debarment policies and procedures to conform to Uniform Guidance requirements and should implement procedures to ensure those policies are consistently followed and documented for all federally funded procurements. Views of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Actions The Corporation concurs with the finding. The Corporation will update and formally adopt written procurement, suspension, and debarment policies and procedures to conform to Uniform Guidance requirements and implement procedures to ensure those policies are consistently followed and documented for all federally funded procurements.

Non-compliance with Federal Award Requirement Identification of Federal Program 20.205 - Highway Construction and Planning; U.S. Department of Transportation; Passed-through State of Mississippi Department of Transportation Criteria 2 CFR 200.318(a) requires non-Federal entities to maintain and use documented procurement procedures that are consistent with applicable Federal statutes, regulations, and the standards identified in 2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327 as well as maintaining written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest and governing the actions of employees engaged in the selection, award, and administration of contracts supported by Federal funds. Condition For the year under audit, the City did not have documentation of adopted procurement policies and procedures that addressed procurement standards or a written standard of conduct governing employees engaged in contract administration as required by Uniform Guidance. Cause Management had not established or adopted formal policies and procedures to ensure compliance with the procurement requirements of Uniform Guidance. Effect Without documented procurement policies and written standards of conduct, the City is at increased risk of noncompliance with Federal procurement requirements. Questioned Costs No questioned costs resulted from this matter. Repeat Finding This is not a repeat finding. Recommendation We recommend management development, approve, and implement written procurement policies and procedures and adopt a written standard of conduct addressing conflicts of interest and ethical expectations for employees and officials involved in the procurement process. Views of Responsible Officials Managment contends they have followed state procurement law and has since adopted a formal policy stipulating compliance with State of Mississippi procurement and Federal procurement requirements. A written standard of conduct for employees engaged in contract selection, award, and administration is in process and expected to be formally adopted in the near future.

2025-002 PROCUREMENT (repeat comment) Type: Material weakness in internal control over compliance/noncompliance Program: ALN 93.696 Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinics Expansion Grants (CCBHC) Criteria: Per 2 CFR section 200.318, the non-Federal entity, “…must maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward, including for acquisition of property or services. These documented procurement procedures must be consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards identified in §§ 200.317 through 200.327.” Condition: During testing, it was noted that the CMHSP had not followed procurement requirements for the contract entered into for project evaluation and coordination services. This is the same contract that produced a material finding in the prior year single audit. Cause/Effect: Management oversight. Questioned Cost: $150,000 – the amount paid during the fiscal year pursuant to contract in question. Recommendation: We recommend that the CMHSP review/update policies and procedures to ensure that all federal requirements for procurements are followed for future contracts entered into with federal funds. Management’s Resp: Management is in agreement with this recommendation. Also, the grantor was notified of this finding and has notified the CMHSP that there is no elevated level of risk moving forward through the remainder of the grant cycle.

FINDING 2025-002 Internal Control over Compliance and Compliance with Procurement, Suspension and Debarment (Significant Deficiency and Noncompliance) Federal Agency: Various Federal Agencies Federal Program: Research and Development Cluster Assistance Listing Numbers: 47.076, 93.243, and 47.010 (Direct Awards) Criteria: Uniform Guidance requires recipients and subrecipients to maintain and use documented procurement procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward, and such procedures must be consistent with the procurement standards in 2 CFR § 200.317 through 200.327. In addition, 2 CFR § 200.320(a)(1)(ii) provides that micro-purchases may be awarded without soliciting competitive price or rate quotations only if the recipient or subrecipient considers the price reasonable based on research, experience, purchase history, or other information and maintains documentation to support its conclusion. Condition: During the audit, we tested five (5) vendors classified as micro-purchases. For each selected vendor, the University was unable to provide documentation evidencing that a cost or price reasonableness review was performed prior to vendor selection or contract execution. Specifically, the procurement files did not include pricing comparisons, competing quotes, market research, purchase history, documented experience, or other support demonstrating how the contract price was determined to be reasonable. Effect or Potential Effect: Without documented evidence of price reasonableness, the University cannot demonstrate that micro-purchase awards were made in accordance with Uniform Guidance procurement requirements. This increases the risk that federally-funded procurement transactions may not be supported by adequate documentation to demonstrate that prices paid were reasonable, and that procurement decisions may not be consistently supported, reviewed, and retained in accordance with federal requirements. Context: This is a condition based on testing the University’s compliance with specific requirements. The prevalence of this finding is detailed in the condition above. The samples were selected using a non-statistical method. Cause: The University did not consistently maintain documentation within its procurement files to evidence that price reasonableness was considered and supported prior to vendor selection or contract execution for micro-purchase transactions. Questioned Costs: No questioned costs were identified. The finding relates to insufficient documentation supporting the price reasonableness determination of certain procurements. Recommendation: We recommend that the University strengthen its procurement procedures for federally-funded micro-purchases to require documentation of price reasonableness prior to approval of the purchase or execution of the contract. We further recommend that the University require such documentation to be retained in a consistent manner and that procurement personnel review the documentation for completeness before approval. Views of Responsible Official: Management’s corrective action plan, including immediate remediation steps and enhancements to internal controls over Procurement, Suspension and Debarment, is presented in the Corrective Action Plan section of this report.

Criteria: Pursuant to 2 CFR § 200.318, non-Federal entities must maintain documented procurement procedures that conform to applicable State, local, and organizational laws and regulations, as well as the standards identified in 2 CFR § 200.317 through § 200.327. Condition: The Center adopted a written procurement policy in July 2025. However, because the policy was not in effect for the majority of the audit period, the required procurement procedures (such as micro_x0002_purchase thresholds, mail purchase price/rate quotations, or formal competitive proposals) for vendor selections were not consistently performed or documented throughout the fiscal year. Effect of Condition and Questioned Costs: Because written procurement policies and control procedures were not in place for the full year, the Center cannot ensure that goods and services purchased with federal funds are acquired in a manner providing full and open competition, or that prices paid are reasonable. ● Sample Testing: Out of seven transactions tested, we identified seven transactions totaling $409,114 for which required procurement procedures were not performed or documented. ● Questioned Costs: Known questioned costs total $409,114 [exceeds the $25,000 threshold under 2 CFR § 200.516(a)(3)]. Cause: Management did not formally adopt written internal policies and procedures for procurement under federal awards until July 2025. Consequently, for most of the fiscal year, staff responsible for purchasing operated without formal guideless or training regarding federal compliance requirements. Recommendation: We recommend that management consistently enforce the written procurement policy adopted in July 21025 to ensure ongoing compliance with 2 CFR § 200.317 through § 200.327. Additionally, management should ensure all personnel involved in federal purchasing are trained on these requirements and implement controls to retain supporting documentation (such as vendor quotes, price comparisons, or sole-source justifications) for all federal procurements. View of Responsible Officials and Planned Corrective Action: The Center agrees with the finding. Management formally adopted a Uniform Guidance compliant procurement policy in July 2025, and training with provided to all staff. See the separate Corrective Action Plan for full details

Material Weaknesses 2025-001 – Procurement, Suspension & Debarment Federal Program Information: U.S. Department of Agriculture ALN 10.567 Food Distribution Program on Indian Reservations Criteria: The following CFR(s) apply to this finding: 2 CFR 200.317-200.327 Condition: During audit procedures, it was identified that the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians did not follow their procurement policies and procedures. Cause: The Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians does not have the necessary internal controls over procurements. Effect: Procurements may not be conducted in compliance with federal requirements and could result in unallowable expenses being charged to the program and subsequently improperly reimbursed by federal funds. Identification of Questioned Costs: None identified. Context: During audit procedures, auditor requested copies of the contracts and procurement history files, none could be provided. This is not a statistically valid sample. Repeat Finding: This is not a repeat finding. Recommendation: It is recommended that the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians familiarize themselves with the program requirements and implement the internal control policies and procedures that have already been adopted by them. Views of Responsible Officials and Corrective Action Plan: Please see the Corrective Action Plan issued by the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians.

Finding No.: 2025-013 – Procurement and Suspension and Debarment Identification of the federal program: Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Education AL No. and Title: 84.403 Consolidated Grants Federal Award No.: S403A230002, S403A240002 Criteria or specific requirement (including statutory, regulatory or other citation) #1: 2 CFR 200.318(a) states the recipient or subrecipient must maintain and use documented procedures for procurement transactions under a Federal award or subaward, including for acquisition of property or services. These documented procurement procedures must be consistent with State, local, and tribal laws and regulations and the standards identified in 2 CFR 200.317 through 200.327. Accordingly, documented procedures must ensure consistency to standards in 2 CFR 200.324(a) which articulates that the recipient or subrecipient must perform a cost or price analysis for every procurement transaction, including contract modifications, in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold. The method and degree of analysis conducted depend on the facts surrounding the particular procurement transaction. Criteria or specific requirement (including statutory, regulatory or other citation) #2: In accordance with 2 CFR 180.300, entities that enter into covered transactions must verify that the person with whom they intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified by: a) Checking SAM.gov Exclusions; or b) Collecting a certification from that person; or c) Adding a clause or condition to the covered transaction with that person. According to 2 CFR 180.220(b)(1), a procurement transaction is considered a covered transaction if the contract amount is expected to equal or exceed $25,000. Condition #1: There is no cost or price analysis performed related to PO No. 20250970 amounting to $328,465. Condition #2: For the following procurement transactions, GDOE did not verify whether a person or a vendor is excluded or disqualified pursuant to the requirements of 2 CFR 180.300 prior to entering into covered transactions: Purchase Order # Purchase Order Amount FY25 Expenditure 20250974 $ 239,975 $ 239,975 20251164 239,970 239,970 20250970 328,465 328,465 20250248 232,496 232,496 20250615 150,546 150,546 20250240 140,365 140,365 20250325 35,948 35,948 20250702 32,208 32,208 20250943 29,792 29,792 20250694 219,068 97,568 20250180 174,676 174,676 20250207 147,525 147,525 20250268 129,439 129,439 20250075 49,610 49,610 20250051 35,140 35,140 20250189 25,650 25,650 20250079 195,413 195,413 $2,406,286 $2,284,786 Cause #1: GDOE lacks internal control over periodic review of procurement policies to ensure all required provisions stated in the Compliance Supplement are covered, specifically, the requirements of 2 CFR 200.324 regarding cost or price analysis. Cause #2: GDOE’s policies and procedures only require a review of excluded parties in SAM.gov for competitive selection procedures covering contracts exceeding $250,000. However, this is only performed for new vendors during the vendor registration or creation process and not on per covered transaction basis. In addition, GDOE’s policies do not specify how the performance of the vendor review should be documented, hence, there was no trail whether such was actually performed. Effect or Potential Effect: GDOE is in noncompliance with the applicable procurement and suspension and debarment compliance requirements. Questioned costs: $2,284,786. The questioned costs relate to the FY25 expenditures of procurement transactions where the required verification before entering into covered transaction was not performed. Per auditors’ verification, the vendors with whom GDOE transacted business with are not suspended or debarred as of September 30, 2025. Context #1: We identified 246 procurement transactions during the year totaling $4,856,571. We tested 42 procurement transactions totaling $2,405,276. The samples were statistically valid. Of 42 procurement transactions tested, one transaction exceeded the simplified acquisition threshold where no cost or price analysis was performed. Context #2: We identified 39 procurement transactions subject to suspension and debarment compliance requirements during the year totaling $4,031,280. We tested 17 procurement transactions totaling $2,284,786. The samples were statistically valid. For all 17 (or 100%) procurement transactions tested, the required verification before entering into covered transaction was not performed. Identification as a repeat finding, if applicable: 2024-009 Recommendation: GDOE should revisit its procurement policies and ensure all required provisions stated in the Compliance Supplement are covered, specifically, the requirements of 2 CFR 200.324 regarding cost or price analysis. GDOE should establish formal policy requiring verification and retaining documentation of procedures performed, to verify that the person in a covered transaction with whom they intend to do business is not excluded or disqualified. View of Responsible Officials: GDOE agrees with the finding and provides details in its Corrective Action Plan.

Finding 2025-001: Reportable finding considered a significant deficiency - Noncompliance with Internal Procurement Authorization Controls Program name: Child and Adult Care Food Program Assistance Listing: 10.558 Federal awarding agency: U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Pass-through entity: Maryland State Department of Education, District of Columbia Education Office Award identification number: 012-2024/2025-3539-000 Award Years: 2024/2025 Criteria: Under 2 CFR 200.318(a), non-federal entities must establish and maintain oversight to ensure that contractors perform in accordance with the terms, conditions, and specifications of their contracts or purchase orders. As required under 2 CFR Subpart D (§§200.317–200.327), organizations must follow written procurement procedures that reflect applicable state, local, and tribal laws and regulations, provided that the procurements conform to applicable federal law and the standards in the Uniform Guidance. The Organization’s internal procurement policy includes specific thresholds for contract approvals and designates levels of review and signature authority based on the contract value. Adherence to these internal controls is essential to ensure compliance with federal procurement requirements and appropriate stewardship of federal funds. Condition: During our testing of procurement activity, we noted that procurement contracts were executed (in September/October of 2024) by an individual who did not have the delegated authority to approve or sign the agreement, as required by the Organization’s internal procurement policy. The contracts exceeded the individual’s approval threshold. The policy’s required internal approval levels were not followed prior to execution. Cause: This issue appears to have resulted from a breakdown in adherence to established internal control procedures, possibly due to a lack of training or oversight. The Organization’s procurement policy was in place and compliant with 2 CFR requirements, but it was not enforced in practice. Effect: Noncompliance with internal procurement approval controls increases the risk of unauthorized or inappropriate spending, lack of transparency, and potential ineligibility of costs charged to federal programs. While the transaction itself may ultimately be allowable, failure to follow established approval protocols constitutes a significant deficiency in internal control over compliance. Repeat finding: This is a repeat finding. See 2024-004 in prior year report. Questioned costs: None identified, as the expenditure appeared otherwise allowable. However, the control deficiency presents a risk for future noncompliance. Perspective: We selected two procurement transactions from a population of four procurement transactions from this program. The issue reflects a control failure affecting procurement activity across federally funded programs and may result in future questioned costs if not corrected. Recommendation: We recommend that the Organization follow up with the relevant parties to ensure proper reporting requirements are met on a timely basis. Management’s response and corrective action plan (unaudited): See corrective action plan