Finding 1176553 (2025-001)

Material Weakness Repeat Finding
Requirement
E
Questioned Costs
-
Year
2025
Accepted
2026-03-05
Audit: 390365
Organization: Johnson C. Smith University (NC)
Auditor: BDO USA PC

AI Summary

  • Core Issue: The University improperly calculated the cost of attendance (COA) and failed to resolve ISIR comment codes before disbursing Title IV aid, leading to potential over-awards.
  • Impacted Requirements: Compliance with federal eligibility criteria for financial aid, including prioritizing Pell Grant recipients with the lowest Student Aid Index (SAI) and adhering to loan limits.
  • Recommended Follow-Up: Enhance internal controls and establish formal policies to ensure accurate COA calculations, resolution of ISIR codes, and proper prioritization of aid disbursements.

Finding Text

Federal Program Information: Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (ALN: 84.007), Federal Work-Study Program (ALN: 84.033), Federal Pell Grant Program (ALN: 84.063), and Federal Direct Student Loans (ALN: 84.268) Criteria or Specific Requirement (Including Statutory, Regulatory or Other Citation): E. Eligibility – Eligibility for Individuals – In the process of applying for federal financial aid, an Institutional Student Information Record (“ISIR”) is sent electronically to the institution. The institution uses the ISIR to help determine student eligibility, award amounts, and disbursements. The ISIR may contain codes that relate to student eligibility requirements. Such codes must be resolved by the institution. In addition, federal financial aid must be coordinated among the various programs with other federal and nonfederal aid (need and non-need based aid) to ensure that total aid is not awarded in excess of the student’s financial need or cost of attendance (“COA”). The determination of need-based Student Financial Assistance (“SFA”) award amounts is based on financial need. Financial need is defined as the student’s COA minus the Student Aid Index (“SAI”). E. Eligibility – Campus-Based Programs (FSEOG) (Assistance Listing 84.007) – The Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) program provides grants to eligible undergraduate students. Priority is given to students who have not previously earned a bachelor’s or first professional degree. Priority is given to Federal Pell Grant recipients who have the lowest SAIs (34 CFR 676.10). E. Eligibility – Federal Direct Student Loans (“Direct Loans”) (Assistance Listing 84.268) - Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans have annual loan limits that vary based on the student's grade level and (for Direct Unsubsidized Loans) dependency status (34 CFR 685.203). The annual loan limit is the maximum amount that a student may receive for an academic year. For undergraduate students there is a combined annual loan limit for Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans, of which not more than a specified amount may be comprised of Direct Subsidized Loans (annual subsidized maximum). Under 34 CFR 685.203(d) and (e) the aggregate loan limits for Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans (a borrower's maximum allowable outstanding loan debt, excluding capitalized interest, but including amounts borrowed under the Federal Family Education Loan Program prior to 2010) are $31,000 for dependent undergraduate students (except for dependent students whose parents are unable to borrow Direct PLUS Loans), not more than $23,000 of which may be subsidized. Condition: For certain students tested, the University improperly calculated the student’s COA. The University also failed to resolve ISIR comments codes prior to disbursing Title IV aid. In addition, for certain students, the University awarded aid in excess of award limits. Finally, we noted that priority was not given to Pell recipients with the lowest SAI when disbursing FSEOG awards. Cause: Insufficient administrative oversight and internal controls with respect to Title IV award eligibility. Effect or Potential Effect: The University is not in compliance with aid awarding criteria under the eligibility requirements. Failure to properly calculate COA, resolve ISIR codes, properly award and disburse aid, and prioritize the correct students for FSEOG awards in accordance with the required guidelines could result in improper disbursements of Title IV aid. Questioned Costs: Known questioned costs: $3,500; total questioned costs: indeterminable. Questioned costs of $3,500 were identified as a result of over-awards disbursed to students in the selected sample; however, sufficient information was not available to determine whether questioned costs may have resulted from similar issues in the untested population. Context: We noted the following exceptions during our testing: • For 6 of 40 students selected for testing, the University failed to properly calculate the COA. • For 1 of 40 students selected for testing, the University disbursed Direct Loans in excess of the established maximums. • For 2 of 40 students selected for testing, the University did not properly resolve all ISIR comment codes prior to disbursing Title IV aid for the award year. • We examined the University’s awards disbursement detail noting that all Pell recipients did not receive FSEOG awards. In addition, we identified 3 FSEOG recipients who had a greater SAI than students who did not receive FSEOG. Identification as a Repeat Finding: This is a repeat finding from prior year. This was reported as Finding 2024-001 in the prior year schedule of findings and questioned costs. Recommendation: We recommend that the University enhance its internal controls and implement formal policies and procedures over the applicable compliance requirements to ensure that the COA is properly calculated, ISIR comment codes are resolved, Title IV aid is properly calculated, awarded, and disbursed, and priority is given to Pell recipients with the lowest SAI when disbursing FSEOG awards, consistent with federal regulations. Views of Responsible Officials: The University acknowledges that it did not consistently apply federal eligibility and awarding requirements during the 2024–2025 award year. Specifically, students with the highest financial need, as determined by the lowest Student Aid Index (SAI), were not systematically prioritized for Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) awards, and eligibility documentation and ISIR comment codes were not consistently reviewed and fully resolved prior to awarding and disbursing Title IV aid. As a result, limited instances occurred in which aggregate Direct Loan limits were exceeded and discrepancies existed between cost of attendance values maintained in PowerFAIDS and those reported to the Common Origination and Disbursement (COD) system. The University determined that these deficiencies were primarily attributable to gaps in internal controls, including the absence of structured, periodic quality assurance reviews, staffing transitions within the Office of Financial Aid, and insufficient training and supervisory oversight to ensure consistent compliance with federal requirements.

Corrective Action Plan

Corrective Action Plan: To address the deficiencies identified in Finding 2025-001, the University has undertaken and continues to implement a comprehensive corrective action strategy focused on strengthening financial aid systems, standardizing processes, enhancing staff capacity, and institutionalizing quality assurance and oversight mechanisms. Primary Control Enhancements. The University transitioned from PowerFAIDS to Ellucian Colleague as the system of record for financial aid awarding, enabling automated enforcement of packaging, eligibility, and fund-specific awarding rules. System configuration enhancements now support accurate cost of attendance calculations, enforcement of loan limits, and eligibility sequencing based on updated ISIR data, reducing reliance on manual intervention. Supporting Controls and Training. To support the implementation and stabilization of these controls, the University partnered with Financial Aid Services (FAS) in February 2025 to conduct a comprehensive review of financial aid systems, processes, and internal controls. Through this partnership, FAS has provided experienced Colleague specialists to support annual system setup, troubleshooting, validation of awarding rules, and targeted staff training. In addition, Financial Aid staff participate in ongoing professional development through the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (NASFAA) and Federal Student Aid (FSA) to ensure continued proficiency and regulatory awareness. Monitoring and Quality Assurance. A formal quality assurance framework has been institutionalized, requiring eligibility and award accuracy reviews at least twice per semester. Reviews validate FSEOG prioritization by Student Aid Index (SAI), resolution of ISIR comment codes prior to disbursement, compliance with annual and lifetime loan limits, and alignment between cost-of-attendance values maintained in Ellucian Colleague and those reported to COD. Since the implementation of enhanced system controls and QA procedures, the University has conducted multiple eligibility and award accuracy reviews across Title IV programs, including Direct Loans, Pell Grants, and cost-ofattendance reconciliation. These reviews have demonstrated improved accuracy and control effectiveness, while also identifying isolated issues that were addressed through system updates or corrective adjustments. Sustained Oversight. Results of quality assurance reviews are documented, corrected, and analyzed to inform system configuration, staff training, and supervisory oversight. These controls ensure that improvements supported through the FAS partnership are institutionalized within university operations and sustained beyond the initial remediation period. Anticipated Completion Date: June 2026

Categories

Student Financial Aid Matching / Level of Effort / Earmarking

Other Findings in this Audit

  • 1176550 2025-001
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176551 2025-001
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176552 2025-001
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176554 2025-002
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176555 2025-002
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176556 2025-003
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176557 2025-003
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176558 2025-003
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176559 2025-003
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176560 2025-004
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176561 2025-005
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176562 2025-005
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176563 2025-005
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176564 2025-006
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176565 2025-006
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176566 2025-006
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176567 2025-007
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176568 2025-007
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176569 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176570 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176571 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176572 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176573 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176574 2025-008
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176575 2025-009
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176576 2025-009
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176577 2025-009
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176578 2025-010
    Material Weakness Repeat
  • 1176579 2025-010
    Material Weakness Repeat

Programs in Audit

ALN Program Name Expenditures
84.268 FEDERAL DIRECT STUDENT LOANS $12.35M
84.063 FEDERAL PELL GRANT PROGRAM $6.16M
11.028 CONNECTING MINORITY COMMUNITIES PILOT PROGRAM $2.38M
84.031 HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONAL AID $499,663
84.007 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENTAL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY GRANTS $457,333
84.120 MINORITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IMPROVEMENT $401,852
84.033 FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAM $388,738
84.047 TRIO UPWARD BOUND $369,588
84.042 TRIO STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES $366,285
47.076 STEM EDUCATION (FORMERLY EDUCATION AND HUMAN RESOURCES) $269,267
84.217 TRIO MCNAIR POST-BACCALAUREATE ACHIEVEMENT $232,533
93.243 SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES PROJECTS OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE $201,323
21.027 CORONAVIRUS STATE AND LOCAL FISCAL RECOVERY FUNDS $185,839
93.391 ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT STATE, TRIBAL, LOCAL AND TERRITORIAL (STLT) HEALTH DEPARTMENT RESPONSE TO PUBLIC HEALTH OR HEALTHCARE CRISES $48,474
89.003 NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS GRANTS $46,856
97.062 SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP AWARDS $26,250
97.061 CENTERS FOR HOMELAND SECURITY $15,207
11.417 SEA GRANT SUPPORT $5,250
93.859 BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND RESEARCH TRAINING $4,800
93.310 TRANS-NIH RESEARCH SUPPORT $2,000
17.268 H-1B JOB TRAINING GRANTS $1,078
54.001 INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY CENTERS FOR ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE $773