Audit 289380

FY End
2022-12-31
Total Expended
$810,373
Findings
8
Programs
1
Year: 2022 Accepted: 2024-02-08

Organization Exclusion Status:

Checking exclusion status...

Findings

ID Ref Severity Repeat Requirement
366541 2022-001 Significant Deficiency Yes L
366542 2022-001 Significant Deficiency Yes L
366543 2022-002 Significant Deficiency - L
366544 2022-002 Significant Deficiency - L
942983 2022-001 Significant Deficiency Yes L
942984 2022-001 Significant Deficiency Yes L
942985 2022-002 Significant Deficiency - L
942986 2022-002 Significant Deficiency - L

Programs

ALN Program Spent Major Findings
93.498 Provider Relief Fund $487,371 Yes 2

Contacts

Name Title Type
ZVQPPV9C2S13 John Roofner Auditee
7246879355 Mike Kessler Auditor
No contacts on file

Notes to SEFA

Title: Basis of Presentation Accounting Policies: Expenditures reported on the Schedule are reported on the accrual basis of accounting with the exception of expenditures associated with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution. Such expenditures are recognized following the cost principles contained in the Uniform Guidance, wherein certain types of expenditures are not allowable or are limited as to reimbursement. De Minimis Rate Used: N Rate Explanation: The Health System has not elected to use the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate allowed under the Uniform Guidance. The accompanying schedule of expenditures of federal awards (the Schedule) includes the federal award activity of St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. and Controlled Entities (the Health System) under programs of the federal government for the year ended December 31, 2022. The information in this Schedule is presented in accordance with the requirements of Title 2 U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 200, Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (Uniform Guidance). Because the Schedule presents only a selected portion of the operations of the Health System, it is not intended to and does not present the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Health System.
Title: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accounting Policies: Expenditures reported on the Schedule are reported on the accrual basis of accounting with the exception of expenditures associated with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution. Such expenditures are recognized following the cost principles contained in the Uniform Guidance, wherein certain types of expenditures are not allowable or are limited as to reimbursement. De Minimis Rate Used: N Rate Explanation: The Health System has not elected to use the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate allowed under the Uniform Guidance. Expenditures reported on the Schedule are reported on the accrual basis of accounting with the exception of expenditures associated with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution. Such expenditures are recognized following the cost principles contained in the Uniform Guidance, wherein certain types of expenditures are not allowable or are limited as to reimbursement.
Title: Indirect Cost Rate Accounting Policies: Expenditures reported on the Schedule are reported on the accrual basis of accounting with the exception of expenditures associated with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution. Such expenditures are recognized following the cost principles contained in the Uniform Guidance, wherein certain types of expenditures are not allowable or are limited as to reimbursement. De Minimis Rate Used: N Rate Explanation: The Health System has not elected to use the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate allowed under the Uniform Guidance. The Health System has not elected to use the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate allowed under the Uniform Guidance.
Title: Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution - Assistance Listing Number 93.498 Accounting Policies: Expenditures reported on the Schedule are reported on the accrual basis of accounting with the exception of expenditures associated with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution. Such expenditures are recognized following the cost principles contained in the Uniform Guidance, wherein certain types of expenditures are not allowable or are limited as to reimbursement. De Minimis Rate Used: N Rate Explanation: The Health System has not elected to use the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate allowed under the Uniform Guidance. For the HHS award related to the Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution (PRF) program, HHS has indicated the amounts on the Schedule be reported corresponding to reporting requirements of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) PRF Reporting Portal. Payments from HHS for PRF are assigned to "Payment Received Periods" (each, a Period) based upon the date each payment from the PRF was received. Each Period has a specified Period of Availability and timing of reporting requirements. Entities report into the HRSA PRF Reporting Portal after each Period's deadline to use the funds (i.e., after the end of the Period of Availability). The Schedule includes $810,373 received from HHS between January 1, 2021, through December 31, 2021. In accordance with guidance from HHS, these amounts are presented as Period 3 and Period 4 on the Schedule which amounted to $323,002 and $487,371, respectively. Such amounts were recognized as other nonoperating income in the Health System's consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021. There were no PRF funds recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Schedule includes the following entities that received the Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution program: Legal Entity Name Tax Identification Number Fosnight Personal Care Home d/b/a The Arbors at St. Barnabas III 25-1543389 HAP Senior Care d/b/a Beaver Meadows 25-1840419 Arbors at St. Barnabas 51-0511616 St. Barnabas Medical Center, Inc. 51-0511617 St. Barnabas Nursing Home, Inc. 51-0511632 The Washington Place at St. Barnabas, Inc. 54-2153829

Finding Details

Finding 2022-001 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Repeat of Prior Audit Finding 2021-001 Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Condition/Context: During our testing of the two reports required to be submitted for period 3 for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. and St. Barnabas Nursing Home, Inc. (Nursing Home), we noted that both reports were not completed in accordance with the established guidance from HHS. Specifically, the Health System did not properly report lost revenues as a basis for claiming the distributions for the St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. report which contained only general distributions and for the Nursing Home report, they failed to report eligible expenses to claim the targeted distribution as they had intended. This issue was noted in the prior year finding 2021-001. However, due to the timing of completing the 2021 audit, the issue was not identified prior to the period 3 reporting and therefore, is a repeat finding. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was unable to implement their planned corrective actions to address the issue for their period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was unable to implement the planned corrective actions to address the issue for our period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-001 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Repeat of Prior Audit Finding 2021-001 Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Condition/Context: During our testing of the two reports required to be submitted for period 3 for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. and St. Barnabas Nursing Home, Inc. (Nursing Home), we noted that both reports were not completed in accordance with the established guidance from HHS. Specifically, the Health System did not properly report lost revenues as a basis for claiming the distributions for the St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. report which contained only general distributions and for the Nursing Home report, they failed to report eligible expenses to claim the targeted distribution as they had intended. This issue was noted in the prior year finding 2021-001. However, due to the timing of completing the 2021 audit, the issue was not identified prior to the period 3 reporting and therefore, is a repeat finding. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was unable to implement their planned corrective actions to address the issue for their period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was unable to implement the planned corrective actions to address the issue for our period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-002 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Specifically, as outlined in the Provider Relief Fund and ARP Rural Payments Frequently Asked Questions, dated May 5, 2023, if a Report Entity wishes to offset unallowable costs identified during an audit through a subsequent reporting period, the entity should ensure that lost revenues reported in a subsequent report are deducted to avoid “double dipping” due to the cumulative nature of lost revenues. Any lost revenue adjustments may be made in subsequent reporting periods and the Reporting Entity should maintain appropriate documentation to support the deduction from the report. Condition/Context: During our testing of the Period 4 report for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc., we noted that the Health System did not properly reflect the adjustment to the lost revenues to correct the errors from Periods 1 - 3 reports identified by the audit as indicated in the guidance from HHS. Specifically, the lost revenues should have been reduced by the cumulative amount of period 1 - 3 general distributions received, totaling $1,374,209. This would reduce the total amount of available lost revenue for period 4 to $13,685,628. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to handling corrections in subsequent reporting periods. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to addressing corrections in subsequent reporting periods. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-002 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Specifically, as outlined in the Provider Relief Fund and ARP Rural Payments Frequently Asked Questions, dated May 5, 2023, if a Report Entity wishes to offset unallowable costs identified during an audit through a subsequent reporting period, the entity should ensure that lost revenues reported in a subsequent report are deducted to avoid “double dipping” due to the cumulative nature of lost revenues. Any lost revenue adjustments may be made in subsequent reporting periods and the Reporting Entity should maintain appropriate documentation to support the deduction from the report. Condition/Context: During our testing of the Period 4 report for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc., we noted that the Health System did not properly reflect the adjustment to the lost revenues to correct the errors from Periods 1 - 3 reports identified by the audit as indicated in the guidance from HHS. Specifically, the lost revenues should have been reduced by the cumulative amount of period 1 - 3 general distributions received, totaling $1,374,209. This would reduce the total amount of available lost revenue for period 4 to $13,685,628. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to handling corrections in subsequent reporting periods. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to addressing corrections in subsequent reporting periods. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-001 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Repeat of Prior Audit Finding 2021-001 Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Condition/Context: During our testing of the two reports required to be submitted for period 3 for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. and St. Barnabas Nursing Home, Inc. (Nursing Home), we noted that both reports were not completed in accordance with the established guidance from HHS. Specifically, the Health System did not properly report lost revenues as a basis for claiming the distributions for the St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. report which contained only general distributions and for the Nursing Home report, they failed to report eligible expenses to claim the targeted distribution as they had intended. This issue was noted in the prior year finding 2021-001. However, due to the timing of completing the 2021 audit, the issue was not identified prior to the period 3 reporting and therefore, is a repeat finding. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was unable to implement their planned corrective actions to address the issue for their period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was unable to implement the planned corrective actions to address the issue for our period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-001 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Repeat of Prior Audit Finding 2021-001 Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Condition/Context: During our testing of the two reports required to be submitted for period 3 for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. and St. Barnabas Nursing Home, Inc. (Nursing Home), we noted that both reports were not completed in accordance with the established guidance from HHS. Specifically, the Health System did not properly report lost revenues as a basis for claiming the distributions for the St. Barnabas Health System, Inc. report which contained only general distributions and for the Nursing Home report, they failed to report eligible expenses to claim the targeted distribution as they had intended. This issue was noted in the prior year finding 2021-001. However, due to the timing of completing the 2021 audit, the issue was not identified prior to the period 3 reporting and therefore, is a repeat finding. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was unable to implement their planned corrective actions to address the issue for their period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was unable to implement the planned corrective actions to address the issue for our period 3 report due to the timing of the communication from the 2021 audit. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-002 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Specifically, as outlined in the Provider Relief Fund and ARP Rural Payments Frequently Asked Questions, dated May 5, 2023, if a Report Entity wishes to offset unallowable costs identified during an audit through a subsequent reporting period, the entity should ensure that lost revenues reported in a subsequent report are deducted to avoid “double dipping” due to the cumulative nature of lost revenues. Any lost revenue adjustments may be made in subsequent reporting periods and the Reporting Entity should maintain appropriate documentation to support the deduction from the report. Condition/Context: During our testing of the Period 4 report for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc., we noted that the Health System did not properly reflect the adjustment to the lost revenues to correct the errors from Periods 1 - 3 reports identified by the audit as indicated in the guidance from HHS. Specifically, the lost revenues should have been reduced by the cumulative amount of period 1 - 3 general distributions received, totaling $1,374,209. This would reduce the total amount of available lost revenue for period 4 to $13,685,628. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to handling corrections in subsequent reporting periods. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to addressing corrections in subsequent reporting periods. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.
Finding 2022-002 Significant Deficiency in Internal Control - Reporting Assistance Listing Number: 93.498 COVID-19 - Provider Relief Fund and American Rescue Plan (ARP) Rural Distribution Federal Agency: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Pass-through Agency: Not applicable Award Number / Year: Not applicable / 2021 Criteria: Non-federal entities in receipt of federal funds must comply with the requirements of 2 CFR 200.303(a), which require an entity to establish and maintain effective internal control over the federal award to ensure compliance with federal statutes, regulations, and the terms and conditions of the federal award. Provider Relief Funds (PRF) payments must be used for allowable expenses and lost revenue described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in guidance issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Additionally, all recipients of PRF payments must comply with the reporting requirements described in the PRF terms and conditions and specified in directions issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Specifically, as outlined in the Provider Relief Fund and ARP Rural Payments Frequently Asked Questions, dated May 5, 2023, if a Report Entity wishes to offset unallowable costs identified during an audit through a subsequent reporting period, the entity should ensure that lost revenues reported in a subsequent report are deducted to avoid “double dipping” due to the cumulative nature of lost revenues. Any lost revenue adjustments may be made in subsequent reporting periods and the Reporting Entity should maintain appropriate documentation to support the deduction from the report. Condition/Context: During our testing of the Period 4 report for St. Barnabas Health System, Inc., we noted that the Health System did not properly reflect the adjustment to the lost revenues to correct the errors from Periods 1 - 3 reports identified by the audit as indicated in the guidance from HHS. Specifically, the lost revenues should have been reduced by the cumulative amount of period 1 - 3 general distributions received, totaling $1,374,209. This would reduce the total amount of available lost revenue for period 4 to $13,685,628. Effect: The amounts reported to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) were not in accordance with established U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reporting guidance. Questioned Costs: None noted. Cause: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to handling corrections in subsequent reporting periods. Recommendation: We recommend management work with the federal agency to correct reporting errors outlined above through a revision to past reporting, providing additional documentation directly to the agency, or updates via future reporting, as applicable and deemed appropriate by the federal agency official. Views of Responsible Officials: The Health System was not aware of the Frequently Asked Question related to addressing corrections in subsequent reporting periods. The Health System will work with HRSA to correct reporting errors outlined above as deemed appropriate by HRSA.